Test 8 · ★★ · Fruit: how apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries and grap…

Why does one rotten apple spoil the rest of the bowl?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: one rotten apple · What happens: spoil · To what, where: rest

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 346 «Fruit: how apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries and grapes grow» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 spoil	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 spoil	aux
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 apple	nummod
4	rotten	rotten	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 apple	amod
5	apple	apple	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 spoil	nsubj
6	spoil	spoil	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 rest	det
8	rest	rest	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 spoil	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 bowl	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 bowl	det
11	bowl	bowl	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rest	nmod
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 spoil	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spoil	present · do-support	one rotten apple	the rest of the bowl					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It gives off lots of ethylene gas that makes the others ripen and rot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 gives	nsubj
2	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	off	off	ADP	_	2 gives	compound:prt
4	lots	lot	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 ripen	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 gas	case
6	ethylene	ethylene	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 gas	compound
7	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lots	nmod
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 makes	nsubj
9	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 gas	acl:relcl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 others	det
11	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 makes	obj
12	ripen	ripen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 gives	parataxis
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 rot	cc
14	rot	rot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 ripen	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	give off	present	It		vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source
2	make	present	ethylene gas	the others	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset other=Product
3	ripen	present	lots of ethylene gas		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	rot	present	lots of ethylene gas not said here		vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Rot jumps from apple to apple like a flea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rot	rot	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 jumps	nsubj
2	jumps	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 apple	case
4	apple	apple	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 jumps	obl
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 apple	case
6	apple	apple	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 jumps	obl
7	like	like	ADP	_	9 flea	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 flea	det
9	flea	flea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 jumps	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	present	Rot			apple		to apple result; like a flea	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient from apple=Initial_State to apple=Result

Option 3

It does not, that is only a saying

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 does	nsubj
2	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	2 does	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 saying	punct
5	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	9 saying	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 saying	cop
7	only	only	ADV	_	9 saying	advmod
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 saying	det
9	saying	saying	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 does	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not do	present	It						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	that	a saying					tree rules

Option 4

The rotten apple sucks all the juice out of the other apples through their skins

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 apple	det
2	rotten	rotten	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 apple	amod
3	apple	apple	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sucks	nsubj
4	sucks	suck	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 juice	det:predet
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 juice	det
7	juice	juice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sucks	obj
8	out	out	ADP	_	12 apples	case
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 apples	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 apples	det
11	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 apples	amod
12	apples	apple	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sucks	obl
13	through	through	ADP	_	15 skins	case
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 skins	nmod:poss
15	skins	skin	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sucks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	suck	present	the rotten apple	all juice		the other apples		through their skins	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent juice=Theme out apple=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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