Exam question 3 · A year on a farm: lambing, haymaking, harvest and winter f…
Ascertain the reason for which many dairy cattle are housed indoors during winter.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, house · To what, where: reason, many dairy cattle
This is exam question 3 of lesson 349 «A year on a farm: lambing, haymaking, harvest and winter feeding» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 reason | det |
| 3 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 which | case |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 housed | obl |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 cattle | amod |
| 7 | dairy | dairy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 cattle | compound |
| 8 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 housed | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 housed | aux:pass |
| 10 | housed | house | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 reason | acl:relcl |
| 11 | indoors | indoors | ADV | _ | 10 housed | advmod |
| 12 | during | during | ADP | _ | 13 winter | case |
| 13 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 housed | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the reason | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic | ||||
| 2 | house | present · passive | many dairy cattle | winter | for the reason; indoors property | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: subject=Value |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Cattle cannot tolerate the sight of snow
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 tolerate | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 tolerate | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 tolerate | advmod |
| 4 | tolerate | tolerate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 sight | det |
| 6 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 tolerate | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 snow | case |
| 8 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 sight | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not tolerate | can | Cattle | the sight of snow | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sight=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | sight | snow | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
Option 2
Milk would otherwise freeze within the udder
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 freeze | nsubj |
| 2 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 freeze | aux |
| 3 | otherwise | otherwise | ADV | _ | 4 freeze | advmod |
| 4 | freeze | freeze | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | within | within | ADP | _ | 7 udder | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 udder | det |
| 7 | udder | udder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 freeze | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | freeze | would | Milk | within the udder; otherwise property | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
Option 3
Cattle are obliged to hibernate in darkness throughout the coldest months of the year
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 obliged | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 obliged | aux:pass |
| 3 | obliged | oblige | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 hibernate | mark |
| 5 | hibernate | hibernate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 obliged | xcomp |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 darkness | case |
| 7 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hibernate | obl |
| 8 | throughout | throughout | ADP | _ | 11 months | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 months | det |
| 10 | coldest | cold | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 11 months | amod |
| 11 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hibernate | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 year | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 year | det |
| 14 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 months | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | oblige | present · passive | Cattle | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result | |||||
| 2 | hibernate | to-infinitive | darkness | month | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in darkness=Location |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
The fields are waterlogged and the growth of grass is negligible
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 fields | det |
| 2 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 waterlogged | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 waterlogged | aux:pass |
| 4 | waterlogged | waterlogg | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 negligible | cc |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 growth | det |
| 7 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 negligible | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 grass | case |
| 9 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 growth | nmod |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 negligible | cop |
| 11 | negligible | negligible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 waterlogged | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | waterlogg | present · passive | the fields | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | is | present | the growth of grass | negligible property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | grow | grass | nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/349-a-year-on-a-farm-lambing-haymaking-harvest-and-winter-feeding/e3/