Exam question 2 · A year on a farm: lambing, haymaking, harvest and winter f…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises silage?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: silage

This is exam question 2 of lesson 349 «A year on a farm: lambing, haymaking, harvest and winter feeding» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	silage	silage	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		silage				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Manure stored over winter for use as fertiliser

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Manure	manure	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	stored	store	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Manure	acl
3	over	over	ADP	_	4 winter	case
4	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stored	obl
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 use	case
6	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stored	obl
7	as	as	ADP	_	8 fertiliser	case
8	fertiliser	fertiliser	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stored	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	store	participle		Manure not said here			winter	for use; as fertiliser	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Grass dried in the sun and compressed into bales

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Grass	acl
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 sun	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sun	det
5	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dried	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 compressed	cc
7	compressed	compress	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 dried	conj
8	into	into	ADP	_	9 bales	case
9	bales	bale	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 compressed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dry	participle		Grass not said here		the sun			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	compress	participle				bales			vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material into bale=Product

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Grass sealed from the air so that bacteria convert its sugars into acid, preserving it for months

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	sealed	seal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Grass	acl
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 air	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 air	det
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sealed	obl
6	so	so	SCONJ	_	15 preserving	mark
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 convert	mark
8	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 convert	nsubj
9	convert	convert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 preserving	advcl
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 sugars	nmod:poss
11	sugars	sugar	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 convert	obj
12	into	into	ADP	_	13 acid	case
13	acid	acid	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 convert	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 convert	punct
15	preserving	preserve	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 sealed	advcl
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 preserving	obj
17	for	for	ADP	_	18 months	case
18	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 preserving	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	seal	participle		Grass not said here	the air			vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	convert	present	bacteria	air's sugars			into acid result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient into acid=Result
3	preserve	gerund		acid		month		vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary

Option 4

The dry stalks remaining after the harvest of grain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 stalks	det
2	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 stalks	amod
3	stalks	stalk	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	remaining	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 stalks	acl
5	after	after	ADP	_	7 harvest	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 harvest	det
7	harvest	harvest	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 remaining	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 grain	case
9	grain	grain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 harvest	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remain	gerund	the dry stalks not said here				after the harvest of grain		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/349-a-year-on-a-farm-lambing-haymaking-harvest-and-winter-feeding/e2/