Exam question 2 · Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, humming…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the geographical relation between polar bears and penguins?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: geographical relation

This is exam question 2 of lesson 35 «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 relation	det
10	geographical	geographical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 relation	amod
11	relation	relation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	between	between	ADP	_	14 bears	case
13	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 bears	amod
14	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 relation	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 penguins	cc
16	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 bears	conj
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the geographical relation				of the following statements; between polar bears and penguins; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They share the same icy coasts in winter, the bears hunting the penguins for food

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 share	nsubj
2	share	share	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 coasts	det
4	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 coasts	amod
5	icy	icy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 coasts	amod
6	coasts	coast	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 share	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 winter	case
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 coasts	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 bears	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 bears	det
11	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 coasts	parataxis
12	hunting	hunt	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 bears	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 penguins	det
14	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 hunting	obj
15	for	for	ADP	_	16 food	case
16	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 hunting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	share	present	They	the same icy coasts				in winter	tree rules
2	hunt	gerund	the bears not said here	the penguins				for food	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent penguin=Location for food=Theme

Option 2

Both inhabit the Arctic

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 inhabit	advmod
2	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Arctic	det
4	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 inhabit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inhabit	present		the Arctic					tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The former inhabit the Arctic, the latter the southern hemisphere, and they do not meet in the wild

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 inhabit	nsubj
3	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Arctic	det
5	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 inhabit	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 hemisphere	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 latter	det
8	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 hemisphere	nsubj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 hemisphere	det
10	southern	southern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 hemisphere	amod
11	hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 Arctic	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 meet	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 meet	cc
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 meet	nsubj
15	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 meet	aux
16	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	17 meet	advmod
17	meet	meet	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 inhabit	conj
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 wild	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 wild	det
20	wild	wild	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 meet	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	inhabit	infinitive	the former	the Arctic		tree rules
2	hemisphere		the latter			tree rules
3	not meet	present · do-support	they		the wild	vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Both inhabit the Antarctic

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 inhabit	advmod
2	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Antarctic	det
4	Antarctic	Antarctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 inhabit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inhabit	present		the Antarctic					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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