Exam question 1 · Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, humming…
Identify the parent which incubates the egg of the emperor penguin during the Antarctic winter.
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, parent · What happens: identify, incubate · To what, where: parent, egg
This is exam question 1 of lesson 35 «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 parent | det |
| 3 | parent | parent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 incubates | nsubj |
| 5 | incubates | incubate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 parent | acl:relcl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 egg | det |
| 7 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 incubates | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 penguin | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 penguin | det |
| 10 | emperor | emperor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 penguin | compound |
| 11 | penguin | penguin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 egg | nmod |
| 12 | during | during | ADP | _ | 15 winter | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 winter | det |
| 14 | Antarctic | Antarctic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 winter | compound |
| 15 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 incubates | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the parent | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent parent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | incubate | present | the parent | the egg of the emperor penguin | winter | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
Both parents alternately each hour
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 parents | det |
| 2 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | alternately | alternately | ADV | _ | 5 hour | advmod |
| 4 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 hour | det |
| 5 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 parents | nmod:unmarked |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
The female, in a nest of stones
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 female | det |
| 2 | female | female | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 nest | punct |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 nest | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 nest | det |
| 6 | nest | nest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 female | appos |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 stones | case |
| 8 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 nest | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
Neither parent, the egg being buried
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Neither | neither | DET | PronType=Neg | 2 parent | det |
| 2 | parent | parent | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 egg | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 egg | det |
| 5 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 parent | conj |
| 6 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 buried | aux:pass |
| 7 | buried | bury | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 parent | acl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bury | gerund · passive | neither parent and the egg not said here | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP» |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
The male, upon his feet
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 male | det |
| 2 | male | male | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 male | punct |
| 4 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 6 feet | case |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 feet | nmod:poss |
| 6 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 male | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/e1/