Test 4 · ★★ · Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, humming…

My cousin says the flamingo's knee bends backwards. Is he right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: cousin, knee · What happens: say, bend, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 35 «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: My cousin says the flamingo's knee bends backwards.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cousin	nmod:poss
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 flamingo	det
5	flamingo	flamingo	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 knee	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 flamingo	case
7	knee	knee	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bends	nsubj
8	bends	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
9	backwards	backwards	ADV	_	8 bends	advmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	My cousin						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	bend	present	the flamingo's knee					backwards property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Is he right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	knee					right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

No, flamingos have no knees or ankles at all, their legs are one bone

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 have	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	flamingos	flamingo	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	nsubj
4	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 knees	det
6	knees	knee	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	obj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 ankles	cc
8	ankles	ankle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 knees	conj
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 all	case
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 knees	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 bone	punct
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 legs	nmod:poss
13	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 bone	nsubj
14	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 bone	cop
15	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 bone	nummod
16	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 have	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	flamingos	no knees or ankles		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knee=Patient
2	is a	present	flamingos's legs	one bone					tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, that bend is the ankle; the knee is hidden in the feathers

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	7 ankle	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 ankle	punct
3	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 bend	det
4	bend	bend	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ankle	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 ankle	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ankle	det
7	ankle	ankle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 hidden	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 knee	det
10	knee	knee	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 hidden	nsubj:pass
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 hidden	aux:pass
12	hidden	hide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 ankle	conj
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 feathers	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 feathers	det
15	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 hidden	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	that bend	the ankle					tree rules
2	hide	present · passive		the knee		the feathers			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient in feather=Location

Option 3

Yes, but only when standing on one leg

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 standing	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 standing	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 standing	advmod
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 standing	advmod
6	standing	stand	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 leg	case
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 leg	nummod
9	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 standing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	gerund				one leg			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on leg=Location

Option 4

Yes, flamingos have backward knees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 have	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	flamingos	flamingo	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	nsubj
4	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	backward	backward	ADV	_	4 have	advmod
6	knees	knee	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	flamingos	knees				backward property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knee=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/t4/