Test 11 · ★ · Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs

Why do floating ribs help you bend sideways and breathe?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: floating ribs, you · What happens: float, help, bend, breathe · To what, where: you

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 357 «Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	3 floating	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 floating	aux
3	floating	float	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 ribs	amod
4	ribs	rib	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 help	nsubj
5	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 help	obj
7	bend	bend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 help	xcomp
8	sideways	sideways	ADV	_	7 bend	advmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 breathe	cc
10	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 bend	conj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	float	present · do-support				vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	help	present	floating ribs	you		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme
3	bend	infinitive	you not said here		sideways property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	breathe	infinitive	you not said here			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They are made of rubber

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 made	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 made	aux:pass
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 rubber	case
5	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		They				of rubber	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Option 2

They are joined to the hips

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 joined	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 joined	aux:pass
3	joined	join	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 hips	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 hips	det
6	hips	hip	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 joined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	join	present · passive		They				to the hips	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to hip=Co-Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They are not joined in front, so the lower chest can move

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 joined	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 joined	aux:pass
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 joined	advmod
4	joined	join	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 front	case
6	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 joined	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 move	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	13 move	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 chest	det
10	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 chest	amod
11	chest	chest	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 move	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 move	aux
13	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 joined	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not join	present · passive		They		front			vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	move	can	the lower chest						vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

They float loose inside the lungs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 float	nsubj
2	float	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	loose	loose	ADV	_	2 float	advmod
4	inside	inside	ADP	_	6 lungs	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 lungs	det
6	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 float	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	present	They			the lungs		loose property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme inside lung=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs/t11/