Test 10 · ★ · Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs

Why might a completely straight spine be worse than an S-shaped one?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: straight spine · What happens: be, shape

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 357 «Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 worse	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 worse	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 spine	det
4	completely	completely	ADV	_	5 straight	advmod
5	straight	straight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 spine	amod
6	spine	spine	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 worse	nsubj
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 worse	cop
8	worse	bad	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
9	than	than	ADP	_	14 one	case
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 one	det
11	S	s	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 shaped	compound
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 S	punct
13	shaped	shape	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 one	amod
14	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 worse	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 worse	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	might	a straight spine					than a shaped one; bad property	tree rules
2	shape	participle							vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It could not spring and cushion your steps so well

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 spring	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 spring	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 spring	advmod
4	spring	spring	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 cushion	cc
6	cushion	cushion	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 spring	conj
7	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 steps	nmod:poss
8	steps	step	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 cushion	obj
9	so	so	ADV	_	10 well	advmod
10	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 cushion	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not spring	could	It			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	cushion	infinitive		your steps	well property	tree rules
3	step		your			nom step «act transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

It would stop the ribs moving

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 stop	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 stop	aux
3	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ribs	det
5	ribs	rib	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stop	obj
6	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 stop	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	would	It	the ribs					tree rules
2	move	gerund							vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It would make you much taller, so you would bump your head

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 make	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 make	aux
3	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 make	obj
5	much	much	ADV	_	6 taller	advmod
6	taller	tall	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 make	xcomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 bump	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	11 bump	advmod
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 bump	nsubj
10	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 bump	aux
11	bump	bump	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 make	conj
12	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 head	nmod:poss
13	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 bump	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	would	It	you				tall property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material you=Product
2	bump	would	you	your head					vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient

Option 4

It would protect the lungs less

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 protect	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 protect	aux
3	protect	protect	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 lungs	det
5	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 protect	obj
6	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 protect	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	would	It	the lungs				less property	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Beneficiary

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs/t10/