Test 7 · Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands

«cracking knuckles gives you arthritis, my nan says» What is fairest to say?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: cracking knuckles, nan · What happens: give, say, be · To what, where: arthritis, you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 of lesson 358 «Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 knuckles	punct
2	cracking	cracking	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 knuckles	compound
3	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 gives	nsubj
4	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 gives	iobj
6	arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 gives	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 says	punct
8	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 nan	nmod:poss
9	nan	nan	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 says	nsubj
10	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 gives	parataxis
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 says	punct
12	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	14 fairest	nsubj
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 fairest	cop
14	fairest	fair	ADJ	Degree=Sup	10 says	ccomp
15	to	to	PART	_	16 say	mark
16	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 fairest	xcomp
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 gives	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	give in a quote	present	cracking knuckles	arthritis	you		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient arthritis=Theme
2	say speech: assert in a quote	present	my nan				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	is	present				fair property	tree rules
4	say speech: assert	to-infinitive					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It breaks the knuckle bones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 breaks	nsubj
2	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bones	det
4	knuckle	knuckle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bones	compound
5	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 breaks	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	present	It	the knuckle bones					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bone=Patient

Option 2

It makes your fingers grow longer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 fingers	nmod:poss
4	fingers	finger	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 makes	obj
5	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 makes	xcomp
6	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 grow	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	It	your fingers					tree rules
2	grow	present	your fingers not said here					long property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Doctors have proven again and again that it causes arthritis

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Doctors	doctor	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 proven	nsubj
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 proven	aux
3	proven	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	again	again	ADV	_	3 proven	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 again	cc
6	again	again	ADV	_	4 again	conj
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 causes	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 causes	nsubj
9	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 proven	advcl
10	arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 causes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present · perfect	Doctors				again		vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
2	cause	present	it	arthritis					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition arthritis=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Studies have not shown that it causes arthritis

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Studies	study	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 shown	nsubj
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 shown	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 shown	advmod
4	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 causes	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 causes	nsubj
7	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 shown	advcl
8	arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 causes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not show	present · perfect	Studies						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	cause	present	it	arthritis					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition arthritis=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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