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Test 10 · ★★ · Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extra bones of…

A boy counts the bones in his little toe on an X-ray and finds two, not three. What should he think?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy · What happens: count, find, think · To what, where: bones, little toe, two

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 359 «Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extra bones of a baby» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy counts the bones in his little toe on an X-ray and finds two, not three.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 counts	nsubj
3	counts	count	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bones	det
5	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 counts	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 toe	case
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 toe	nmod:poss
8	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 toe	amod
9	toe	toe	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 counts	obl
10	on	on	ADP	_	14 ray	case
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 ray	det
12	X	x	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 ray	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 X	punct
14	ray	ray	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 toe	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 finds	cc
16	finds	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 counts	conj
17	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 finds	obj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 three	punct
19	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	20 three	advmod
20	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 finds	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 counts	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	count	present	a boy	the bones		boy's little toe on a X ray			vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Theme
2	find	present	a boy not said here	two				three obl	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent two=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What should he think?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 think	obj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 think	aux
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 think	nsubj
4	think	think	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 think	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	should	boy						vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme

The options

Option 1

His little toe must be broken and needs a plaster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 toe	nmod:poss
2	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 toe	amod
3	toe	toe	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 broken	nsubj:pass
4	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 broken	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 broken	aux:pass
6	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 needs	cc
8	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 broken	conj
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 plaster	det
10	plaster	plaster	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 needs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	must · passive		His little toe					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	need	present		a plaster					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot plaster=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Nothing is wrong; two little-toe bones often fuse

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 fuse	punct
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 bones	nummod
6	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 toe	amod
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 little	punct
8	toe	toe	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bones	compound
9	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 fuse	nsubj
10	often	often	ADV	_	11 fuse	advmod
11	fuse	fuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Nothing					wrong property	tree rules
2	fuse	present	two toe bones					often property	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

He has lost a bone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 lost	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lost	aux
3	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 bone	det
5	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lost	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present · perfect	He	a bone					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Eventuality

Option 4

The X-ray must be fake

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 ray	det
2	X	x	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ray	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 X	punct
4	ray	ray	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fake	nsubj
5	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 fake	aux
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 fake	cop
7	fake	fake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	must	the X ray					fake property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby/t10/