Test 11 · ★★ · Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extra bones of…

Why might a baby's kneecap be soft cartilage at first?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: kneecap · What happens: be · To what, where: soft cartilage

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 359 «Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extra bones of a baby» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	9 cartilage	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 cartilage	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 baby	det
4	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 kneecap	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 baby	case
6	kneecap	kneecap	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cartilage	nsubj
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 cartilage	cop
8	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 cartilage	amod
9	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 first	case
11	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	9 cartilage	nmod
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 cartilage	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	might	a baby's kneecap	soft cartilage					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Soft cartilage bends safely while the baby crawls and grows, and turns to bone later

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 cartilage	amod
2	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bends	nsubj
3	bends	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	safely	safely	ADV	_	3 bends	advmod
5	while	while	SCONJ	_	8 crawls	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 baby	det
7	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 crawls	nsubj
8	crawls	crawl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 bends	advcl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 grows	cc
10	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 crawls	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 turns	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 turns	cc
13	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 bends	conj
14	to	to	ADP	_	15 bone	case
15	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 turns	obl
16	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	13 turns	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	bend	present	Soft cartilage		safely property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	crawl	present	the baby			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	grow	present	the baby not said here			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	turn	present	Soft cartilage not said here	bone	late property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to bone=Trajectory

Option 2

Babies do not need knees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 need	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 need	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 need	advmod
4	need	need	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	knees	knee	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 need	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not need	present · do-support	Babies	knees					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot knee=Theme

Option 3

The kneecap is missing in babies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 kneecap	det
2	kneecap	kneecap	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 missing	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 missing	cop
4	missing	missing	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 babies	case
6	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 missing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the kneecap			babies		missing property	tree rules

Option 4

Babies' bones are all made of fat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bones	nmod:poss
2	'	's	PART	_	1 Babies	case
3	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 made	nsubj:pass
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 made	aux:pass
5	all	all	ADV	_	6 made	advmod
6	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 fat	case
8	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Babies's bones				of fat; all property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby/t11/