Exam question 1 · Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the action of a skeletal muscle?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: skeletal muscle · What happens: follow, characteris, act · To what, where: action

This is exam question 1 of lesson 360 «Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 action	det
10	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 muscle	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 muscle	det
13	skeletal	skeletal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 muscle	amod
14	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 action	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the action of a skeletal muscle	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	act		a skeletal muscle			nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It is capable solely of contraction, by which it exerts a pull

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 capable	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 capable	cop
3	capable	capable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	6 contraction	advmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 contraction	case
6	contraction	contraction	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 capable	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 exerts	punct
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 which	case
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 exerts	obl
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 exerts	nsubj
11	exerts	exert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 capable	conj
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 pull	det
13	pull	pull	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 exerts	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					of contraction; capable property	tree rules
2	exert	present	contraction	a pull					vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pull=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It is incapable of motion, the bones moving of their own accord

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 incapable	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 incapable	cop
3	incapable	incapable	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 motion	case
5	motion	motion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 incapable	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 bones	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 bones	det
8	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 incapable	appos
9	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 bones	acl
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 accord	case
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 accord	nmod:poss
12	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 accord	amod
13	accord	accord	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 moving	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	incapable				of motion	tree rules
2	move	gerund	the bones not said here					of bones's own accord	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme of accord=Trajectory

Option 3

It is capable solely of exerting a push

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 capable	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 capable	cop
3	capable	capable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 capable	advmod
5	of	of	SCONJ	_	6 exerting	mark
6	exerting	exert	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 capable	advcl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 push	det
8	push	push	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 exerting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					capable, solely property	tree rules
2	exert	gerund		a push					vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent push=Theme

Option 4

It exerts a push and a pull with equal facility

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 exerts	nsubj
2	exerts	exert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 push	det
4	push	push	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exerts	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 pull	cc
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 pull	det
7	pull	pull	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 push	conj
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 facility	case
9	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 facility	amod
10	facility	facility	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 pull	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exert	present	It	a push and a pull with equal facility					vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent push=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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