Test 12 · ★★★ · Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows…

Why would the heart be built from a special muscle and not the kind in your arm?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: build · To what, where: heart, special muscle

This is test 12 · ★★★ of lesson 360 «Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 built	advmod
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 built	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 heart	det
4	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 built	nsubj:pass
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 built	aux:pass
6	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	from	from	ADP	_	10 muscle	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 muscle	det
9	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 muscle	amod
10	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 built	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 kind	cc
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 kind	advmod
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 kind	det
14	kind	kind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 muscle	conj
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 arm	case
16	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 arm	nmod:poss
17	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 kind	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 built	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	would · passive		the heart		a special muscle			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from muscle=Material

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is too small for arm muscle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 small	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 small	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 small	advmod
4	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 muscle	case
6	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 muscle	compound
7	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 small	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					for arm muscle; small property	tree rules

Option 2

It needs to push, not pull

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 needs	nsubj
2	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 push	mark
4	push	push	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 needs	xcomp
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 pull	punct
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 pull	advmod
7	pull	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 push	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	need	present	It	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	push not said to happen	to-infinitive		vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
3	not pull	infinitive		vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Arm muscle cannot hold blood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 muscle	compound
2	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hold	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 hold	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 hold	advmod
5	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hold	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not hold	can	Arm muscle	blood					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It must keep beating all life without stopping to rest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 keep	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 keep	aux
3	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	beating	beat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 keep	xcomp
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 life	det
6	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 beating	obj
7	without	without	SCONJ	_	8 stopping	mark
8	stopping	stop	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 keep	advcl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 rest	mark
10	rest	rest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 stopping	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	keep	must	It		tree rules
2	beat	gerund		all life	vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location life=Theme
3	stop	gerund			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
4	rest	to-infinitive			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles/t12/