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Test 11 · ★★★ · Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows…

A boy can shake his head «no» and nod «yes». Which joint at the top of the neck lets him shake it «no»?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: boy, joint · What happens: shake, let · To what, where: head, boy, joint

This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 360 «Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy can shake his head «no» and nod «yes».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shake	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 shake	aux
4	shake	shake	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 head	nmod:poss
6	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shake	obj
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 no	punct
8	no	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 shake	discourse
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 no	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 nod	cc
11	nod	nod	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shake	conj
12	«	«	PUNCT	_	13 yes	punct
13	yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 shake	obj
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 yes	punct
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 shake	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shake	can	a boy	boy's head					vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent head=Theme yes=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which joint at the top of the neck lets him shake it «no»?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 joint	det
2	joint	joint	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lets	nsubj
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 top	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 top	det
5	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 joint	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 neck	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 neck	det
8	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 top	nmod
9	lets	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 lets	obj
11	shake	shake	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 lets	xcomp
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 shake	obj
13	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 no	punct
14	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 shake	obl
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 shake	punct
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 lets	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	present	which joint at the top of the neck	boy					tree rules
2	shake	infinitive	boy not said here	joint				no obl	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Patient

The options

Option 1

A ball-and-socket like the hip

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 socket	det
2	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 socket	nsubj
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 socket	punct
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 socket	cc
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 and	punct
6	socket	socket	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	like	like	ADP	_	9 hip	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 hip	det
9	hip	hip	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 socket	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A pivot joint

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 joint	det
2	pivot	pivot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 joint	compound
3	joint	joint	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

A hinge joint like the knee

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 joint	det
2	hinge	hinge	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 joint	compound
3	joint	joint	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	like	like	ADP	_	6 knee	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 knee	det
6	knee	knee	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 joint	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

A fused joint

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 joint	det
2	fused	fuse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 joint	amod
3	joint	joint	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fuse	participle							vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles/t11/