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Test 10 · ★★★ · Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows…

In a cartoon Jerry ties Tom's tail in a bow and Tom's leg bends backwards at the knee. What is true about a real knee?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: leg · What happens: tie, bend, be · To what, where: tail, cartoon Jerry, knee

This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 360 «Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon Jerry ties Tom's tail in a bow and Tom's leg bends backwards at the knee.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 Jerry	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 Jerry	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 Jerry	compound
4	Jerry	Jerry	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 ties	obl
5	ties	tie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 tail	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Tom	case
8	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ties	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 bow	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 bow	det
11	bow	bow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ties	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 bends	cc
13	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 leg	nmod:poss
14	's	's	PART	_	13 Tom	case
15	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 bends	nsubj
16	bends	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 ties	conj
17	backwards	backwards	ADV	_	16 bends	advmod
18	at	at	ADP	_	20 knee	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 knee	det
20	knee	knee	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 bends	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 ties	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tie	present		Tom's tail		a cartoon Jerry		in a bow	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient
2	bend	present	Tom's leg			the knee		backwards property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at knee=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true about a real knee?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	7 knee	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 knee	det
6	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 knee	amod
7	knee	knee	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 true	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						about a real knee; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It can bend any way it likes, like a ball in a socket

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 bend	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 bend	aux
3	bend	bend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 way	det
5	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bend	obl:unmarked
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 likes	nsubj
7	likes	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 way	acl:relcl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 ball	punct
9	like	like	ADP	_	11 ball	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 ball	det
11	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bend	obl
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 socket	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 socket	det
14	socket	socket	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 ball	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bend	can	It	any way				like a ball in a socket	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	like	present	way	any way not said here					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot way=Theme

Option 2

It is a pivot and spins round

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 pivot	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 pivot	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 pivot	det
4	pivot	pivot	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 spins	cc
6	spins	spin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 pivot	conj
7	round	round	ADV	_	6 spins	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a pivot					tree rules
2	spin round	present						round property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is a hinge, so it bends one way only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 hinge	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hinge	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 hinge	det
4	hinge	hinge	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 bends	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	8 bends	advmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 bends	nsubj
8	bends	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hinge	acl:relcl
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 way	nummod
10	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bends	obl
11	only	only	ADV	_	10 way	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a hinge					tree rules
2	bend	present	hinge	one way					vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent hinge=Material

Option 4

It has no ligaments at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 ligaments	det
4	ligaments	ligament	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 ligaments	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	no ligaments		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ligament=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles/t10/