Test 9 · ★★★ · Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows…

Why do astronauts on the space station exercise about two hours a day?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: do · To what, where: astronauts, station exercise

This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 360 «Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 do	advmod
2	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	astronauts	astronaut	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 do	obj
4	on	on	ADP	_	8 exercise	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 exercise	det
6	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 station	compound
7	station	station	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 exercise	compound
8	exercise	exercise	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 astronauts	nmod
9	about	about	ADV	_	10 two	advmod
10	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 hours	nummod
11	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 exercise	obl:unmarked
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 day	det
13	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hours	nmod:unmarked
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 do	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present		astronauts		the station exercise			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent astronaut=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They are training for races on Earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 training	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 training	aux
3	training	train	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 races	case
5	races	race	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 training	obl
6	on	on	ADP	_	7 Earth	case
7	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 training	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	train	present · progressive	They			Earth		for races	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Without gravity to work against, their muscles would waste away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Without	without	ADP	_	2 gravity	case
2	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 waste	obl
3	to	to	PART	_	4 work	mark
4	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 gravity	acl
5	against	against	ADP	_	4 work	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 gravity	punct
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 muscles	nmod:poss
8	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 waste	nsubj
9	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 waste	aux
10	waste	waste	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
11	away	away	ADV	_	10 waste	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	work	to-infinitive	their muscles not said here						vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	waste away	would	their muscles					without gravity; away property	vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Exercise makes air to breathe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Exercise	exercise	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 breathe	mark
5	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Exercise	air					tree rules
2	breathe	to-infinitive	air not said here						vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Exercise keeps the station warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Exercise	exercise	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keeps	nsubj
2	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 station	det
4	station	station	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keeps	obj
5	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 keeps	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Exercise	the station				warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent station=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles/t9/