Test 8 · ★★★ · Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows…
A footballer twists his knee and tears a ligament. What has been damaged?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: footballer · What happens: twist, tear, damage · To what, where: knee, ligament
This is test 8 · ★★★ of lesson 360 «Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A footballer twists his knee and tears a ligament.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 footballer | det |
| 2 | footballer | footballer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 twists | nsubj |
| 3 | twists | twist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 knee | nmod:poss |
| 5 | knee | knee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 twists | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 tears | cc |
| 7 | tears | tear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 twists | conj |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 ligament | det |
| 9 | ligament | ligament | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 tears | obj |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 twists | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | twist | present | a footballer | footballer's knee | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent knee=Theme | ||||
| 2 | tear | present | a footballer not said here | a ligament | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location ligament=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What has been damaged?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 damaged | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 damaged | aux |
| 3 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 damaged | aux:pass |
| 4 | damaged | damage | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 damaged | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | damage | present · perfect · passive | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
A strap that holds the knee bones together
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 strap | det |
| 2 | strap | strap | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 holds | nsubj |
| 4 | holds | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 strap | acl:relcl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 bones | det |
| 6 | knee | knee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bones | compound |
| 7 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 holds | obj |
| 8 | together | together | ADV | _ | 4 holds | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | present | a strap | the knee bones | together property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Theme |
Option 2
The kneecap bone itself
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 bone | det |
| 2 | kneecap | kneecap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 bone | compound |
| 3 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 3 bone | nmod:unmarked |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
The big muscle at the front of his thigh
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 muscle | det |
| 2 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 muscle | amod |
| 3 | muscle | muscle | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 front | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 front | det |
| 6 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 muscle | nmod |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 thigh | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 thigh | nmod:poss |
| 9 | thigh | thigh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 front | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
The tendon joining calf to heel
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 tendon | det |
| 2 | tendon | tendon | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | joining | join | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 tendon | acl |
| 4 | calf | calf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 joining | obj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 heel | mark |
| 6 | heel | heel | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 joining | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | join | gerund | the tendon not said here | calf | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Patient | ||||
| 2 | heel | to-infinitive | the tendon not said here | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles/t8/