Exam question 2 · Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stro…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the deepening of the voice during adolescence?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, deepen · To what, where: deepening, voice

This is exam question 2 of lesson 361 «Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stronger» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 deepening	det
10	deepening	deepening	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 voice	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 voice	det
13	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 deepening	nmod
14	during	during	ADP	_	15 adolescence	case
15	adolescence	adolescence	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the deepening of the voice	during adolescence	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	deepen		the voice			nom deepening «process transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The teeth are replaced by larger teeth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 teeth	det
2	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 replaced	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 replaced	aux:pass
4	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 teeth	case
6	larger	large	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 teeth	amod
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 replaced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replace	present · passive	larger teeth	the teeth					vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme

Option 2

The tongue enlarges considerably and thereby obstructs the passage of the throat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tongue	det
2	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 enlarges	nsubj
3	enlarges	enlarge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	considerably	considerably	ADV	_	3 enlarges	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 obstructs	cc
6	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	7 obstructs	advmod
7	obstructs	obstruct	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 enlarges	conj
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 passage	det
9	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 obstructs	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 throat	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 throat	det
12	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 passage	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	enlarge	present	the tongue		considerably property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	obstruct	present	the tongue not said here	the passage of the throat	thereby property	vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer passage=Eventuality
3	pass		the throat			nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The larynx enlarges and the vocal folds become longer and thicker

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 larynx	det
2	larynx	larynx	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 enlarges	nsubj
3	enlarges	enlarge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 become	cc
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 folds	det
6	vocal	vocal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 folds	amod
7	folds	fold	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 become	nsubj
8	become	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 enlarges	conj
9	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 become	advmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 thicker	cc
11	thicker	thick	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 longer	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enlarge	present	the larynx						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	become	present	the vocal folds					long property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 4

The lungs diminish in capacity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lungs	det
2	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 diminish	nsubj
3	diminish	diminish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 capacity	case
5	capacity	capacity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 diminish	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	diminish	present	the lungs			capacity			vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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