Exam question 1 · Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stro…

Identify the principal reason for which an adult person cannot increase in stature by the consumption of additional nourishment.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, adult person · What happens: identify, not increase, consume · To what, where: principal reason, additional nourishment

This is exam question 1 of lesson 361 «Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stronger» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 increase	obl
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 person	det
8	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 person	compound
9	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 increase	nsubj
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 increase	aux
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 increase	advmod
12	increase	increase	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	parataxis
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 stature	case
14	stature	stature	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 increase	obl
15	by	by	ADP	_	17 consumption	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 consumption	det
17	consumption	consumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 increase	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 nourishment	case
19	additional	additional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 nourishment	amod
20	nourishment	nourishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 consumption	nmod
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	not increase	can	a adult person		for the principal reason; by the consumption of additional nourishment; in stature	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute PP.extent PP.initial_state PP.result»: agent=Patient in stature=Attribute by consumption=Extent
3	consume			additional nourishment		nom consumption «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The growth plates of the bones have closed and become solid bone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 plates	det
2	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 plates	compound
3	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 closed	nsubj:pass
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 bones	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bones	det
6	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 plates	nmod
7	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 closed	aux
8	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 become	cc
10	become	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 closed	conj
11	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 bone	amod
12	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 become	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	close	present · perfect · passive		the growth plates of the bones					vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	become	present		solid bone					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 2

The skeleton is dissolved by excess food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 skeleton	det
2	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dissolved	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dissolved	aux:pass
4	dissolved	dissolve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 food	case
6	excess	excess	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 food	compound
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dissolved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dissolve	present · passive		the skeleton				by excess food	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3

The stomach declines to digest food after the age of twenty

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 stomach	det
2	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 declines	nsubj
3	declines	decline	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 digest	mark
5	digest	digest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 declines	xcomp
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 digest	obj
7	after	after	ADP	_	9 age	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 age	det
9	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 digest	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 twenty	case
11	twenty	twenty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 age	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decline	present	the stomach						vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not digest	to-infinitive	the stomach not said here	food			after the age of twenty		tree rules

Option 4

Nourishment is employed solely in the growth of hair

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nourishment	nourishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 employed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 employed	aux:pass
3	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 employed	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 growth	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 growth	det
7	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 employed	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 hair	case
9	hair	hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 growth	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	present · passive		Nourishment		the growth of hair		solely property	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	grow		hair						nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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