Test 9 · ★ · Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stro…
«small gymnast can do more pull-ups than my big dad, how?» Which is the best reason?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: small gymnast · What happens: do, be · To what, where: more pull ups, best reason
This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 361 «Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stronger» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: «small gymnast can do more pull-ups than my big dad, how?»
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 5 do | punct |
| 2 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 gymnast | amod |
| 3 | gymnast | gymnast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 do | nsubj |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 do | aux |
| 5 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 9 ups | amod |
| 7 | pull | pull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 ups | compound |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 pull | punct |
| 9 | ups | up | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 do | obj |
| 10 | than | than | ADP | _ | 13 dad | case |
| 11 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 dad | nmod:poss |
| 12 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 dad | amod |
| 13 | dad | dad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 do | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 how | punct |
| 15 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 do | advmod |
| 16 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 do | punct |
| 17 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 5 do | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do in a quote | can | small gymnast | more pull ups | than my big dad | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent up=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Which is the best reason?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 reason | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 reason | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 reason | det |
| 4 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 reason | amod |
| 5 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 reason | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the best reason | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Her muscles are bigger than his
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 muscles | nmod:poss |
| 2 | muscles | muscle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bigger | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 bigger | cop |
| 4 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 5 | than | than | ADP | _ | 6 his | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 bigger | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Her muscles | big property | tree rules |
Option 2
Gymnasts have springs in their arms
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gymnasts | gymnast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | springs | spring | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | obj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 arms | case |
| 5 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 arms | nmod:poss |
| 6 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Gymnasts | Gymnasts's arms | spring | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
She is very strong for her small size, and pulling a light body is easier
The tree, 15 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 strong | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 strong | cop |
| 3 | very | very | ADV | _ | 4 strong | advmod |
| 4 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 size | case |
| 6 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 size | nmod:poss |
| 7 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 size | amod |
| 8 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 strong | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 easier | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 easier | cc |
| 11 | pulling | pull | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 easier | csubj |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 body | det |
| 13 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 body | compound |
| 14 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 pulling | obj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 easier | cop |
| 16 | easier | easy | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 strong | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | She | for her small size; strong property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | pull | gerund | a light body | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Theme | |||||
| 3 | is | present | pulling | easy property | tree rules |
Option 4
She has more bones in her arms than he has, and extra bones make her stronger
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 bones | amod |
| 4 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 has | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 arms | case |
| 6 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 arms | nmod:poss |
| 7 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bones | nmod |
| 8 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 10 has | mark |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 has | nsubj |
| 10 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 has | advcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 make | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 make | cc |
| 13 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 bones | amod |
| 14 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 make | nsubj |
| 15 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 has | conj |
| 16 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 make | obj |
| 17 | stronger | strong | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 15 make | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | She | more bones | her arms | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient | |||
| 2 | have | present | he | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | make | present | extra bones | her = she | strong property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset she=Product |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger/t9/