Test 11 · Sleep and dreams in people

«why do i keep yawning, I'm not even tired, I just read about yawning» What is true?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: i · What happens: keep, yawn, not be, read, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 of lesson 363 «Sleep and dreams in people» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 keep	punct
2	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 keep	advmod
3	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 keep	aux
4	i	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 keep	nsubj
5	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 true	csubj
6	yawning	yawn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 keep	xcomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 tired	punct
8	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 tired	nsubj
9	'm	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 tired	cop
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 tired	advmod
11	even	even	ADV	_	12 tired	advmod
12	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 keep	advcl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 read	punct
14	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 read	nsubj
15	just	just	ADV	_	16 read	advmod
16	read	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 keep	conj
17	about	about	ADP	_	18 yawning	case
18	yawning	yawn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 read	obl
19	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 keep	punct
20	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	22 true	nsubj
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 true	cop
22	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	22 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	keep in a quote	present · do-support	i		tree rules
2	yawn in a quote	gerund	i not said here		vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	not is in a quote	present	I	tired property	tree rules
4	read in a quote	present	I		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	yawn in a quote	gerund			vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	is	present		true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

You are short of food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 short	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 short	cop
3	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 food	case
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 short	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	You					of food; short property	tree rules

Option 2

Yawning only ever happens when you are very, very tired

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yawning	yawn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 happens	csubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 ever	advmod
3	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	1 Yawning	advmod
4	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 very	advmod
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 very	nsubj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 very	cop
8	very	very	ADV	_	4 happens	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 tired	punct
10	very	very	ADV	_	11 tired	advmod
11	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 happens	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	other	roles by
1	yawn	gerund		ever		vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	happen	present	Yawning			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	present	you		very property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Yawns are catching, and even reading about them can start one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yawns	yawn	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 catching	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 catching	aux
3	catching	catch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 start	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 start	cc
6	even	even	ADV	_	7 reading	advmod
7	reading	read	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 start	nsubj
8	about	about	ADP	_	9 them	case
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 reading	obl
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 start	aux
11	start	start	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 catching	conj
12	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 start	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	catch	present · progressive	Yawns			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	read	gerund			about Yawns = yawn	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about they=Topic
3	start	can		one		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Eventuality

Option 4

Yawning means you are ill

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yawning	yawning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 ill	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 ill	cop
5	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 means	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Yawning						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	you					ill property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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