Test 7 · ★★★ · Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping…

In a cartoon, Jerry lifts a huge piano over his head and throws it at Tom. Which is true about tiny animals and lifting?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Jerry · What happens: lift, throw, be · To what, where: huge piano, cartoon, piano, Tom

This is test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 365 «Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping flea and the leggiest millipede» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, Jerry lifts a huge piano over his head and throws it at Tom.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lifts	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	Jerry	Jerry	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 lifts	nsubj
6	lifts	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 piano	det
8	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 piano	amod
9	piano	piano	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lifts	obj
10	over	over	ADP	_	12 head	case
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 head	nmod:poss
12	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lifts	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 throws	cc
14	throws	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 lifts	conj
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 throws	obj
16	at	at	ADP	_	17 Tom	case
17	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 throws	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 lifts	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lift	present	Jerry	a huge piano		a cartoon		over Jerry's head	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent piano=Theme in cartoon=Destination over head=Initial_Location
2	throw	present	Jerry not said here	piano		Tom			vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme at tom=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which is true about tiny animals and lifting?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	6 animals	case
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 animals	amod
6	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 true	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 lifting	cc
8	lifting	lift	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 true	conj
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						about tiny animals; true property	tree rules
2	lift	gerund							vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Small animals are strong for their size, but a mouse still cannot lift a piano

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 animals	amod
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 strong	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 strong	cop
4	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 size	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 size	nmod:poss
7	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 strong	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 lift	punct
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	15 lift	cc
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 mouse	det
11	mouse	mouse	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 lift	nsubj
12	still	still	ADV	_	15 lift	advmod
13	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 lift	aux
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 lift	advmod
15	lift	lift	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 strong	parataxis
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 piano	det
17	piano	piano	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 lift	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Small animals					for animals's size; strong property	tree rules
2	not lift	can	a mouse	a piano			still		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piano=Theme

Option 2

Mice can lift anything many times bigger than a house

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lift	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 lift	aux
3	lift	lift	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 lift	obj
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 times	amod
6	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 bigger	obl:unmarked
7	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 lift	xcomp
8	than	than	ADP	_	10 house	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 house	det
10	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bigger	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lift	can	Mice	anything				big property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme

Option 3

Strength does not depend on size at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 depend	nsubj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 depend	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 depend	advmod
4	depend	depend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	6 size	case
6	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 depend	obl
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 depend	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not depend	present · do-support	Strength					at all; on size	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on size=Theme

Option 4

Mice are weaker than ants for their size

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 weaker	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 weaker	cop
3	weaker	weak	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	than	than	ADP	_	5 ants	case
5	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 weaker	obl
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 size	case
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 size	nmod:poss
8	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 weaker	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Mice					than ants; for Mice's size; weak property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede/t7/