Test 1 · ★ · City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregri…

«found a swift on the pavement, it can't fly off, prob dying» What is the best thing to do?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: swift, prob, best thing · What happens: find, not fly off, die, be, do · To what, where: swift, pavement, prob · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 369 «City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 found	punct
2	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 swift	det
4	swift	swift	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 found	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 pavement	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 pavement	det
7	pavement	pavement	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 found	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 fly	punct
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 fly	nsubj
10	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 fly	aux
11	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 fly	advmod
12	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 found	parataxis
13	off	off	ADP	_	12 fly	compound:prt
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 prob	punct
15	prob	prob	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 fly	obl
16	dying	die	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 prob	acl
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 found	punct
18	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 found	parataxis
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 What	cop
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 thing	det
21	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	22 thing	amod
22	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 What	nsubj
23	to	to	PART	_	24 do	mark
24	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 thing	acl
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 found	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	find in a quote	past		a swift	the pavement	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent swift=Attribute clause=Theme
2	not fly off in a quote	can	swift	prob		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	die in a quote	gerund	prob not said here			vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
4	is a	present	the best thing			tree rules
5	do	to-infinitive	the best thing not said here			vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Throw it hard into the air from the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Throw	throw	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Throw	obj
3	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	1 Throw	advmod
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 air	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 air	det
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Throw	obl
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 ground	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ground	det
9	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Throw	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw	imperative	you not said here	it		the air		from the ground; hard property	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme into air=Destination from ground=Initial_Location

Option 2

Give it bread and water and keep it as a pet in a shoebox under your bed

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Give	give	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Give	iobj
3	bread	bread	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Give	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 water	cc
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bread	conj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 keep	cc
7	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Give	conj
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 keep	obj
9	as	as	ADP	_	11 pet	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 pet	det
11	pet	pet	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 keep	obl
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 shoebox	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 shoebox	det
14	shoebox	shoebox	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 keep	obl
15	under	under	ADP	_	17 bed	case
16	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 bed	nmod:poss
17	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 shoebox	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	imperative	you not said here	bread and water	it				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient bread=Theme
2	keep	infinitive	you not said here	water		a shoebox under your bed		as a pet	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme in shoebox=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Ask an adult to call a bird rescue, as swifts cannot take off from flat ground

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ask	ask	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 adult	det
3	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ask	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 call	mark
5	call	call	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Ask	xcomp
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 rescue	det
7	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rescue	compound
8	rescue	rescue	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 call	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 take	punct
10	as	as	SCONJ	_	14 take	mark
11	swifts	swift	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 take	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 take	aux
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 take	advmod
14	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Ask	conj
15	off	off	ADP	_	14 take	compound:prt
16	from	from	ADP	_	18 ground	case
17	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 ground	amod
18	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 take	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	imperative	you not said here		a adult		vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient clause=Topic
2	call not said to happen	to-infinitive	you not said here	a bird rescue			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent rescue=Recipient
3	not take off	can	swifts			flat ground	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent from ground=Initial_Location

Option 4

Leave it there, because it will walk home

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leave	leave	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Leave	obj
3	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	1 Leave	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 walk	punct
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 walk	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 walk	nsubj
7	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 walk	aux
8	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Leave	conj
9	home	home	ADV	_	8 walk	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	imperative	you not said here	it		there			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	walk	future	it					home property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/t1/