Exam question 4 · Big wild animals in cities: wild boar, deer, coyotes, monk…

Ascertain the meaning of the expression «a fed bear is a dead bear».

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, fed bear · What happens: ascertain, be, mean · To what, where: meaning, dead bear, expression

This is exam question 4 of lesson 368 «Big wild animals in cities: wild boar, deer, coyotes, monkeys and leopards» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 meaning	det
3	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 expression	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 expression	det
6	expression	expression	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 meaning	nmod
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 bear	punct
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bear	det
9	fed	fed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 bear	amod
10	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 bear	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 bear	cop
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 bear	det
13	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 bear	amod
14	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 expression	appos
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 bear	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the meaning of the expression	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Topic
2	is a in a quote	present	a fed bear	a dead bear	tree rules
3	mean			the expression	nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A bear requires food on one occasion only in its lifetime

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bear	det
2	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 requires	nsubj
3	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 requires	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 occasion	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 occasion	nummod
7	occasion	occasion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 requires	obl
8	only	only	ADV	_	11 lifetime	advmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 lifetime	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 lifetime	nmod:poss
11	lifetime	lifetime	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 requires	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	a bear	food		one occasion		in bear's lifetime	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme food=Precondition

Option 2

A bear which is fed hibernates permanently

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bear	det
2	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hibernates	nsubj
3	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 fed	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fed	aux:pass
5	fed	feed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 bear	acl:relcl
6	hibernates	hibernate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	permanently	permanently	ADV	_	6 hibernates	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	feed	present · passive		a bear					vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient
2	hibernate	present	a bear					permanently property	vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location

Option 3

A bear invariably dies in consequence of overeating the food of humans

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bear	det
2	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dies	nsubj
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	4 dies	advmod
4	dies	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 consequence	case
6	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dies	obl
7	of	of	SCONJ	_	8 overeating	mark
8	overeating	overeat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 consequence	acl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 food	det
10	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 overeating	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 humans	case
12	humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 food	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	die	present	a bear					in consequence; invariably property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in consequence=Attribute
2	overeat	gerund	consequence not said here	the food of humans					tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A bear habituated to human food loses its fear and frequently must be destroyed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bear	det
2	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 loses	nsubj
3	habituated	habituate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 bear	acl
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 food	case
5	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 food	amod
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 habituated	obl
7	loses	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 fear	nmod:poss
9	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 loses	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 destroyed	cc
11	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	14 destroyed	advmod
12	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 destroyed	aux
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 destroyed	aux:pass
14	destroyed	destroy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 loses	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	habituate	participle		a bear not said here	to human food	tree rules
2	lose	present	a bear	bear's fear		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fear=Eventuality
3	destroy	must · passive	a bear not said here		frequently property	vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»
4	fear		bear			nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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