Test 12 · ★ · City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregri…

Why might a robin sing under a streetlight at night in a city?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: robin · What happens: s · To what, where: streetlight

This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 369 «City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 sing	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 sing	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 robin	det
4	robin	robin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sing	nsubj
5	sing	s	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	under	under	ADP	_	8 streetlight	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 streetlight	det
8	streetlight	streetlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sing	obl
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 night	case
10	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sing	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 city	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 city	det
13	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sing	obl
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 sing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	s	might	a robin			a streetlight	night	in a city	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Robins cannot sing in daylight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Robins	robin	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sing	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 sing	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 sing	advmod
4	sing	sing	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 daylight	case
6	daylight	daylight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not sing speech: express	can	Robins			daylight			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in daylight=Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Night is quieter, so its song can be heard over less traffic

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 quieter	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 quieter	cop
3	quieter	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 heard	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	10 heard	advmod
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 song	nmod:poss
7	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 heard	nsubj:pass
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 heard	aux
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 heard	aux:pass
10	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 quieter	conj
11	over	over	ADP	_	13 traffic	case
12	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	13 traffic	amod
13	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 heard	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	Night			quiet property	tree rules
2	hear	can · passive		its song	less traffic		vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus
3	sing		its = it				nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

The light makes it think it is winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 light	det
2	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 makes	obj
5	think	think	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 makes	xcomp
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 winter	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 winter	cop
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 think	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	make	present	the light	it	tree rules
2	think speech: other	infinitive			vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is a	present	light	winter	tree rules

Option 4

It is trying to wake people up so they come out and feed it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 trying	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 trying	aux
3	trying	try	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 wake	mark
5	wake	wake	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 trying	xcomp
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 wake	obj
7	up	up	ADP	_	5 wake	compound:prt
8	so	so	SCONJ	_	10 come	mark
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 come	nsubj
10	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 wake	advcl
11	out	out	ADV	_	10 come	advmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 feed	cc
13	feed	feed	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 wake	conj
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 feed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	try	present · progressive	It			vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	wake up not said to happen	to-infinitive		people		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent people=Patient
3	come out	present	people		out property	vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient
4	feed	infinitive		it		vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/t12/