Exam question 2 · Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshop…

Identify the principal reason for which the mosquito is accounted the deadliest animal to humankind.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, account · To what, where: principal reason, mosquito

This is exam question 2 of lesson 37 «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 accounted	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 mosquito	det
8	mosquito	mosquito	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 accounted	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 accounted	aux:pass
10	accounted	account	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 animal	det
12	deadliest	deadly	ADJ	Degree=Sup	13 animal	amod
13	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 accounted	obj
14	to	to	ADP	_	15 humankind	case
15	humankind	humankind	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 accounted	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	account	present · passive		the mosquito				for the principal reason; to humankind	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It contaminates the drinking water supplies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 contaminates	nsubj
2	contaminates	contaminate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 supplies	det
4	drinking	drinking	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 water	compound
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 supplies	compound
6	supplies	supplies	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 contaminates	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contaminate	present	It	the water supplies					vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme supplies=Destination

Option 2

It attacks in exceedingly large swarms

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 attacks	nsubj
2	attacks	attack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 swarms	case
4	exceedingly	exceedingly	ADV	_	5 large	advmod
5	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 swarms	amod
6	swarms	swarm	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 attacks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attack	present	It			large swarms			vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Its bite is directly and highly venomous

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 bite	nmod:poss
2	bite	bite	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 directly	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 directly	cop
4	directly	directly	ADV	_	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 venomous	cc
6	highly	highly	ADV	_	7 venomous	advmod
7	venomous	venomous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 directly	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	Its bite	directly property	tree rules
2	be		Its bite not said here	highly property	tree rules
3	bite		Its = it		nom bite «state transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Certain species transmit malaria

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 species	amod
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 transmit	nsubj
3	transmit	transmit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	malaria	malaria	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 transmit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	transmit	present	Certain species	malaria					vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent malaria=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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