Test 11 · ★ · Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian…

Why would a forest need big plant-eaters like bison to stay healthy?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: forest · What happens: need, stay · To what, where: big plant eaters

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 372 «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 forest	advmod
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 forest	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 forest	det
4	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 need	nsubj
5	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 eaters	amod
7	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 eaters	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 plant	punct
9	eaters	eater	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 need	obj
10	like	like	ADP	_	11 bison	case
11	bison	bison	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 eaters	nmod
12	to	to	PART	_	13 stay	mark
13	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 need	advcl
14	healthy	healthy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 stay	xcomp
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 need	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	a forest	big plant eaters				like bison	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot eater=Theme
2	stay	to-infinitive	a forest not said here					healthy property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Their grazing keeps clearings open, so more kinds of plants and animals live

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 grazing	nmod:poss
2	grazing	grazing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 keeps	nsubj
3	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	clearings	clearing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 keeps	obj
5	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 keeps	xcomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 live	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	14 live	advmod
8	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 kinds	amod
9	kinds	kind	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 live	nsubj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 plants	case
11	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 kinds	nmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 animals	cc
13	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 plants	conj
14	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 keeps	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Their grazing	clearings	open property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clearing=Theme
2	live	present	more kinds of plants and animals			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	graze		Their = they			nom grazing «act transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

They stop the rain from falling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stop	nsubj
2	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 rain	det
4	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stop	obj
5	from	from	SCONJ	_	6 falling	mark
6	falling	fall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 stop	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	They	the rain					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality rain=Eventuality
2	fall	gerund	They not said here						vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

They eat all the old trees so none are left

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 eat	nsubj
2	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 trees	det:predet
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 trees	det
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 trees	amod
6	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 eat	obj
7	so	so	ADV	_	10 left	advmod
8	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	10 left	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 left	aux:pass
10	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 eat	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	They	all old trees					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient
2	leave	present · passive		none					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

They keep the wolves fat, so the wolves never need to hunt any other animals

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 keep	nsubj
2	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 fat	det
4	wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 fat	compound
5	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keep	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 need	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	11 need	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 wolves	det
9	wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 need	nsubj
10	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	11 need	advmod
11	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 keep	conj
12	to	to	PART	_	13 hunt	mark
13	hunt	hunt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 need	xcomp
14	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	16 animals	det
15	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 animals	amod
16	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 hunt	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	keep	present	They	the wolves fat	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fat=Theme
2	not need	present	the wolves		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	hunt not said to happen	to-infinitive	the wolves not said here	any other animals	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/t11/