Exam question 3 · White storks: Ukraine's favourite birds and their journey…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the discovery made in Germany in the year 1822?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, make · To what, where: discovery

This is exam question 3 of lesson 375 «White storks: Ukraine's favourite birds and their journey to Africa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 discovery	det
10	discovery	discovery	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 discovery	acl
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 Germany	case
13	Germany	Germany	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 made	obl:agent
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 year	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 year	det
16	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 made	obl
17	1822	1822	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	16 year	flat
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the discovery		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	make	participle	the discovery not said here	year		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Storks were shown to deliver infants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Storks	stork	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shown	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 shown	aux:pass
3	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 deliver	mark
5	deliver	deliver	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 shown	xcomp
6	infants	infant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 deliver	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past · passive		Storks					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
2	deliver	to-infinitive		infants					vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent infant=Patient

Option 2

Storks were shown to cross the sea directly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Storks	stork	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shown	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 shown	aux:pass
3	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 cross	mark
5	cross	cross	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 shown	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sea	det
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cross	obj
8	directly	directly	ADV	_	5 cross	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past · passive		Storks					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
2	cross	to-infinitive		the sea				directly property	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A stork bearing an African spear demonstrated that storks winter in Africa

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 stork	det
2	stork	stork	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 demonstrated	nsubj
3	bearing	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 stork	acl
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 spear	det
5	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 spear	amod
6	spear	spear	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bearing	obj
7	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 winter	mark
9	storks	stork	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 winter	compound
10	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 demonstrated	xcomp
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 Africa	case
12	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 demonstrated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	gerund	a stork not said here	a African spear					vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spear=Patient
2	demonstrate	past	a stork	storks winter		Africa			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Storks were found to hibernate in the mud at the bottom of ponds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Storks	stork	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 found	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 found	aux:pass
3	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 hibernate	mark
5	hibernate	hibernate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 found	xcomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 mud	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 mud	det
8	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hibernate	obl
9	at	at	ADP	_	11 bottom	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 bottom	det
11	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hibernate	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 ponds	case
13	ponds	pond	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 bottom	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past · passive		Storks					vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme
2	hibernate	to-infinitive	Storks not said here			the mud		at the bottom of ponds	vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in mud=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/375-white-storks-ukraine-s-favourite-birds-and-their-journey-to-africa/e3/