Test 11 · ★★★ · The Chornobyl zone: how wild animals came back, and what i…

Why might darker skin have helped tree frogs after the accident?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: help · To what, where: darker skin

This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 376 «The Chornobyl zone: how wild animals came back, and what is still argued» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 helped	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 helped	aux
3	darker	dark	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 skin	amod
4	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 helped	nsubj:pass
5	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 helped	aux
6	helped	help	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 frogs	compound
8	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 helped	obj
9	after	after	ADP	_	11 accident	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 accident	det
11	accident	accident	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 helped	obl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 helped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	might · perfect · passive		darker skin			after the accident		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Dark frogs ate the radiation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 frogs	amod
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ate	nsubj
3	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 radiation	det
5	radiation	radiation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	past	Dark frogs	the radiation					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent radiation=Patient

Option 2

Dark frogs are harder for radiation to find because it cannot see them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 frogs	amod
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 harder	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 harder	cop
4	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 radiation	case
6	radiation	radiation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 harder	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 find	mark
8	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 harder	advcl
9	because	because	SCONJ	_	13 see	mark
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 see	nsubj
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 see	aux
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 see	advmod
13	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 harder	advcl
14	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 see	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Dark frogs		for radiation; hard property	tree rules
2	find	to-infinitive	Dark frogs not said here			vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
3	not see	can	radiation	frogs = frog		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Dark skin keeps frogs cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 skin	amod
2	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 keeps	nsubj
3	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 keeps	obj
5	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 keeps	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Dark skin	frogs				cold property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frog=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Melanin may protect from some harm, so dark frogs had more babies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Melanin	melanin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 protect	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 protect	aux
3	protect	protect	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 harm	case
5	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	6 harm	det
6	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 protect	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 had	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	11 had	advmod
9	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 frogs	amod
10	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 had	nsubj
11	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 protect	conj
12	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	13 babies	amod
13	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 had	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	may	Melanin					from some harm	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent from harm=Theme
2	have	past	dark frogs	more babies					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/376-the-chornobyl-zone-how-wild-animals-came-back-and-what-is-still-argued/t11/