Exam question 3 · Silkworms and goldfish: two animals China changed

Identify the principal reason for which the colours of the goldfish were intensified over the centuries.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, intensify · To what, where: principal reason, colours

This is exam question 3 of lesson 381 «Silkworms and goldfish: two animals China changed» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 intensified	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 colours	det
8	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 intensified	nsubj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 goldfish	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 goldfish	det
11	goldfish	goldfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 colours	nmod
12	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 intensified	aux:pass
13	intensified	intensify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
14	over	over	ADP	_	16 centuries	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 centuries	det
16	centuries	century	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 intensified	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	intensify	past · passive		the colours of the goldfish			century	for the principal reason	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Selective breeding by human keepers of the brightest individuals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Selective	selective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 breeding	amod
2	breeding	breeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	5 keepers	case
4	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 keepers	amod
5	keepers	keeper	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 breeding	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 individuals	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 individuals	det
8	brightest	bright	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 individuals	amod
9	individuals	individual	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 keepers	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Exposure to strong sunlight in shallow ponds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Exposure	exposure	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	to	to	ADP	_	4 sunlight	case
3	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 sunlight	amod
4	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Exposure	nmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 ponds	case
6	shallow	shallow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 ponds	amod
7	ponds	pond	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Exposure	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

A sudden change in the climate of East Asia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 change	det
2	sudden	sudden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 change	amod
3	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 climate	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 climate	det
6	climate	climate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 Asia	case
8	East	East	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Asia	compound
9	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 climate	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	acclimate		East Asia						nom climate «state intransitive»: of=agent

Option 4

A diet consisting exclusively of orange foodstuffs supplied by monks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 diet	det
2	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	consisting	consist	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 diet	acl
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 consisting	advmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 foodstuffs	case
6	orange	orange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 foodstuffs	amod
7	foodstuffs	foodstuff	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 consisting	obl
8	supplied	supply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 foodstuffs	acl
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 monks	case
10	monks	monk	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 supplied	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	gerund	a diet not said here					of orange foodstuffs; exclusively property	tree rules
2	supply	participle		orange foodstuffs not said here				by monks	vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/381-silkworms-and-goldfish-two-animals-china-changed/e3/