Exam question 1 · Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and A…
Identify the principal reason for which termite fishing by chimpanzees is regarded as tool manufacture.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, chimpanzees · What happens: identify, regard, fish · To what, where: principal reason, termite fishing
This is exam question 1 of lesson 387 «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 reason | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reason | amod |
| 4 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 which | case |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 regarded | obl |
| 7 | termite | termite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 fishing | compound |
| 8 | fishing | fishing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 regarded | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 chimpanzees | case |
| 10 | chimpanzees | chimpanzee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 fishing | nmod |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 regarded | aux:pass |
| 12 | regarded | regard | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 reason | acl:relcl |
| 13 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 manufacture | case |
| 14 | tool | tool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 manufacture | compound |
| 15 | manufacture | manufacture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 regarded | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal reason | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | ||||
| 2 | regard | present · passive | termite fishing by chimpanzees | for the principal reason; as tool manufacture | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for which=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | fish | chimpanzees | nom fishing «act transitive»: by=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The termites themselves construct the implement for the chimpanzee
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 termites | det |
| 2 | termites | termite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 construct | nsubj |
| 3 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 2 termites | nmod |
| 4 | construct | construct | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 implement | det |
| 6 | implement | implement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 construct | obj |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 chimpanzee | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 chimpanzee | det |
| 9 | chimpanzee | chimpanzee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 construct | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | construct | present | the termites termites | the implement | for the chimpanzee | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent implement=Result for chimpanzee=Beneficiary |
Option 2
The stem is employed without any alteration
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 stem | det |
| 2 | stem | stem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 employed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 employed | aux:pass |
| 4 | employed | employ | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | without | without | ADP | _ | 7 alteration | case |
| 6 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 alteration | det |
| 7 | alteration | alteration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 employed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | employ | present · passive | the stem | without any alteration | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Option 3
The behaviour is confined to captive animals
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 behaviour | det |
| 2 | behaviour | behaviour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 confined | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 confined | aux:pass |
| 4 | confined | confine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 animals | case |
| 6 | captive | captive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 animals | amod |
| 7 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 confined | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | confine | present · passive | the behaviour | captive animals | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to animal=Destination |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
The animal modifies the stem by stripping its leaves prior to use
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 animal | det |
| 2 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 modifies | nsubj |
| 3 | modifies | modify | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 stem | det |
| 5 | stem | stem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 modifies | obj |
| 6 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 7 stripping | mark |
| 7 | stripping | strip | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 modifies | advcl |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 leaves | nmod:poss |
| 9 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 stripping | obj |
| 10 | prior | prior | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 7 stripping | xcomp |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 use | mark |
| 12 | use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 prior | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | modify | present | the animal | the stem | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent stem=Patient | ||||
| 2 | strip | gerund | the animal not said here | animal's leaves | prior property | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient | |||
| 3 | use | to-infinitive | the animal not said here | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/e1/