Exam question 4 · Surprising brains: tool-using fish, counting bees, laughin…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the present scientific view of animal intelligence?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, view · To what, where: present scientific view, animal intelligence

This is exam question 4 of lesson 388 «Surprising brains: tool-using fish, counting bees, laughing rats and clever pigs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 view	det
10	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 view	amod
11	scientific	scientific	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 view	amod
12	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 intelligence	case
14	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 intelligence	compound
15	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 view	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the present scientific view of animal intelligence	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	view		animal intelligence		nom view «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Each species is clever in respects suited to its own manner of life

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 clever	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 clever	cop
4	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 respects	case
6	respects	respects	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 clever	obl
7	suited	suit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 respects	acl
8	to	to	ADP	_	11 manner	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 manner	nmod:poss
10	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 manner	amod
11	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 suited	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 life	case
13	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 manner	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	each species			respects		clever property	tree rules
2	suit	participle		respects not said here				to species's own manner of life	tree rules

Option 2

Insects are devoid of any capacity to learn

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 devoid	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 devoid	cop
3	devoid	devoid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 capacity	case
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 capacity	det
6	capacity	capacity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 devoid	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 learn	mark
8	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 capacity	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Insects					of any capacity; devoid property	tree rules
2	learn	to-infinitive	Insects not said here						vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Intelligence is determined solely by the size of the brain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Intelligence	intelligence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 determined	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 determined	aux:pass
3	determined	determine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 determined	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 size	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 size	det
7	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 determined	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 brain	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 brain	det
10	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 size	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	present · passive	the size of the brain	Intelligence				solely property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic

Option 4

All species may be ranked upon a single ladder with humans uppermost

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 ranked	nsubj:pass
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 ranked	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 ranked	aux:pass
5	ranked	rank	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 ladder	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 ladder	det
8	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 ladder	amod
9	ladder	ladder	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ranked	obl
10	with	with	ADP	_	11 humans	case
11	humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 ladder	nmod
12	uppermost	uppermost	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 ranked	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rank	may · passive		all species				upon a single ladder with humans; uppermost property	vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/388-surprising-brains-tool-using-fish-counting-bees-laughing-rats-and-clever-pigs/e4/