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Test 4 · ★★★ · Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish

Your mate says octopuses are colour-blind so they can't match colours. What's the truth?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: mate, octopuses, truth · What happens: say, be, not match · To what, where: colours · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 39 «Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your mate says octopuses are colour-blind so they can't match colours.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mate	nmod:poss
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	octopuses	octopus	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 blind	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 blind	cop
6	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 blind	nsubj
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 blind	punct
8	blind	blind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 says	ccomp
9	so	so	ADV	_	13 match	advmod
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 match	nsubj
11	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 match	aux
12	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 match	advmod
13	match	match	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 blind	advcl
14	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 match	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your mate						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	octopuses					blind property	tree rules
3	not match	can	octopuses = octopus	colours					vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the truth?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 truth	det
4	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the truth						tree rules

The options

Option 1

They see better colours than people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 see	nsubj
2	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 colours	amod
4	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 see	obj
5	than	than	ADP	_	6 people	case
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 colours	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	present	They	better colours				than people	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer colour=Stimulus

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Most seem colour-blind, yet they match colours very well, and scientists are still working out how

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 seem	nsubj
2	seem	seem	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 seem	obj
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 blind	punct
5	blind	blind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 colour	amod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 match	punct
7	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	9 match	cc
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 match	nsubj
9	match	match	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 seem	conj
10	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 match	obj
11	very	very	ADV	_	12 well	advmod
12	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 match	advmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 working	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 working	cc
15	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 working	nsubj
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 working	aux
17	still	still	ADV	_	18 working	advmod
18	working	work	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 seem	conj
19	out	out	ADP	_	18 working	compound:prt
20	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	18 working	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	seem	present	Most	colour					vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme colour=Attribute
2	match	present	they	colours				well property	vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient
3	work out	present · progressive	scientists				still		vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent

Option 3

They are not colour-blind at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 blind	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 blind	cop
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 blind	advmod
4	colour	colour	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 blind	amod
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 colour	punct
6	blind	blind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 blind	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	They			all		blind property	tree rules

Option 4

They never change colour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 change	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 change	advmod
3	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not change	present	They	colour					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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