Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish

Tests: 4 of 12 right · Exam: 2 of 4 right · Kind: ★★★ · Understood: 11 of 16 · Run: 2026-10-18, commit f3c23ea72

Lesson 39 of the biology course of Mova's primary school, as Mova's small model took its tests: it had read this lesson and the ones before it and learned from their exercises. Each test shows the options in the order the student saw them, its choice, the right answer, the score of every option and why it chose. The lesson itself, sentence by sentence with trees and pragmatics: the lesson in the corpora.

Every question of this lesson and each of its options parsed by Mova, with trees and pragmatics: the lesson's questions in the corpora.

Test 1 · ★★★ · wrong ✗

In a cartoon, an octopus with two hearts and red blood waves eight tentacles. What would a marine biologist correct?

1. Nothing, that is all correct — ← Mova's choice · no support
2. It should have ten legs and wings — no support
3. It should have one big heart and bright green blood — no support
4. Three hearts, blue blood, and its limbs are called arms — ✓ the right answer · no support

Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 2 · ★★★ · wrong ✗

A crab is hiding under a rock where the octopus cannot see it. How might the octopus still find it?

1. Its arm suckers taste the crab when they touch it — ✓ the right answer · no support
2. It hears the crab's heart beating — no support
3. It cannot find hidden food — no support
4. It smells it from a mile away — ← Mova's choice · score 4

Why: It took the question to ask what something is like. It chose option 4 with score 4, the only option with support. Its support: lesson 39, line 14: «Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish squirt ink made of melanin to hide or to make a fake blob while they jet away; cooks use squid ink to colour pasta black.», reached through the option's own match among the sentences about the question's things. What matched: the same doer «octopuses» (+3); it fills the role the question asks for (+2). Against it: a different action (counts against) (-1). The right option, 1, found no support in what it remembers. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 3 · ★★★ · wrong ✗

A keeper at an aquarium keeps getting squirted with water by one octopus, but other keepers don't. Why might that be?

1. The keeper smells of crab — no support
2. Octopuses squirt every keeper the same — score 2
3. Octopuses remember people and may squirt ones they dislike — ✓ the right answer · score 2
4. The octopus is blind and simply squirts at anyone who comes near it — ← Mova's choice · score 4

Why: It took the question to ask why something happens (its cause). It chose option 4 with score 4, against 2 for the next best. Its support: lesson 39, line 14: «Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish squirt ink made of melanin to hide or to make a fake blob while they jet away; cooks use squid ink to colour pasta black.», reached through the option's own match among the sentences about the question's things. What matched: the same action «squirt» (+3); the same doer «octopuses» (+1). The right option, 3, scored 2. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 4 · ★★★ · right ✓

Your mate says octopuses are colour-blind so they can't match colours. What's the truth?

1. They see better colours than people — score 1
2. Most seem colour-blind, yet they match colours very well, and scientists are still working out how — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 7
3. They are not colour-blind at all — no support
4. They never change colour — score 3

Why: It took the question to ask what it is done to. It chose option 2 with score 7, against 3 for the next best. Its support: lesson 39, line 12: «Most octopuses seem to be colour-blind, yet they match the colours around them very well, and scientists are still working out how.», reached through the remembered sentence the question matched. What matched: the same doer «octopuses» (+4); the same action «match» (+3); it fills the role the question asks for (+1). Against it: the same thing acted on «colours» (-1). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 5 · ★★★ · wrong ✗

What would happen if a squid's siphon were pointed forwards when it squirted?

1. It would sink straight down — ← Mova's choice · no support
2. It would shoot backwards, the opposite way to the water — ✓ the right answer · no support
3. It would shoot forwards too, in the same direction as the water — no support
4. It would not move at all — no support

Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 6 · ★★★ · wrong ✗

If an octopus's main heart stops when it swims, why might it prefer to crawl?

1. Swimming makes it change colour — no support
2. Crawling over the rocks is much faster than swimming in open water — ← Mova's choice · score 4
3. Its arms cannot swim — no support
4. Swimming tires it quickly, so crawling is easier — ✓ the right answer · score 1

Why: It took the question to ask why something happens (its cause). It chose option 2 with score 4, against 1 for the next best. Its support: lesson 39, line 7: «The octopus's body heart stops while it swims, so swimming tires it quickly, and octopuses mostly crawl over the rocks instead.», reached through the same lesson line as the sentence the question matched. What matched: the same place «rocks» (+3); the same action «crawl» (+1). The right option, 4, scored 1. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 7 · ★★★ · wrong ✗

oi, can i grab that cute little octopus with blue rings in the rock pool?

1. Yes, it is harmless — no support
2. Only if it is sleeping — no support
3. Yes, but only if you hold it gently with wet hands — ← Mova's choice · score 7
4. No, its bite can kill, so never pick it up — ✓ the right answer · no support

Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 3 with score 7, the only option with support. Its support: lesson 30, line 14: «Many lizards drop their tail when grabbed, and it keeps wriggling to distract the predator; the new tail has cartilage instead of bone.», reached through the same lesson line as the sentence the question matched. What matched: the same action «keep» (+5); the same circumstance (+2). The right option, 4, found no support in what it remembers. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 8 · ★★★ · right ✓

Inky escaped from a New Zealand aquarium. How did he manage it?

1. A keeper let him go by mistake — no support
2. He was carried out in a bucket — no support
3. He broke the thick glass with the hard bones in his arms — no support
4. He slipped through a gap in his tank and down a drainpipe into the sea — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 6

Why: It took the question to ask what something is like. It chose option 4 with score 6, the only option with support. Its support: lesson 39, line 11: «In 2016 an octopus called Inky escaped from an aquarium in New Zealand: he slipped through a small gap at the top of his tank, crossed the floor and slid down…», reached through a sentence linked to the one the question matched. What matched: the same action «slip» (+4); the same place «small gap» (+2). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 9 · ★★★ · right ✓

A predator lunges at a dark blob in the water, but the squid has gone. What happened?

1. The squid squirted an ink blob and jetted away — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 5
2. The blob was another squid — no support
3. The squid hid inside the predator's open mouth — no support
4. The squid turned into ink — no support

Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 1 with score 5, the only option with support. Its support: lesson 39, line 14: «Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish squirt ink made of melanin to hide or to make a fake blob while they jet away; cooks use squid ink to colour pasta black.», reached through the remembered sentence the question matched. What matched: the same doer «octopuses» (+2); the same property (+2); the same action «jet away» (+1). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 10 · ★★★ · wrong ✗

A cuttlefish lets more gas into its cuttlebone. Which way will it go?

1. Nowhere — ← Mova's choice · no support
2. Up — ✓ the right answer · no support
3. Backwards — no support
4. Down — no support

Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 11 · ★★★ · right ✓

A sperm whale washes ashore with round scars on its skin. What is a likely cause?

1. Suckers of a giant squid it hunted — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 8
2. Barnacles from a ship — no support
3. Bites from a crowd of small sharks — no support
4. Sunburn — no support

Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 1 with score 8, the only option with support. Its support: lesson 39, line 16: «Sperm whales dive deep to hunt giant squid, and many sperm whales carry round scars left by the squid's suckers.», reached through the same lesson line as the sentence the question matched. What matched: the same action «hunt» (+5); the same thing acted on «giant squid» (+3). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 12 · ★★★ · wrong ✗

Why is the colossal squid's eye so huge?

1. To catch the faintest light in the dark deep sea — ✓ the right answer · score -1
2. So it can see the stars — ← Mova's choice · score 4
3. Because it lives in bright shallow water — score 0
4. To scare divers — score -1

Why: It took the question to ask why something happens (its cause). It chose option 2 with score 4, against 0 for the next best. Its support: lesson 38, line 12: «Jumping spiders have two huge front eyes that see sharply and in colour, and they stalk and pounce instead of using webs.», reached through the option's own match among the sentences about the question's things. What matched: the same action «see» (+3); the same doer «two huge front eyes» (+1). The right option, 1, scored -1. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Exam question 1 · formal language · wrong ✗

Identify the anatomical feature which permits an octopus to pass through apertures of very small dimension.

1. The ability to dissolve its tissues and to reform them afterwards — ← Mova's choice · no support
2. The absence of any skeleton save a beak — ✓ the right answer · no support
3. A shell which may be detached — no support
4. Collapsible bones within each arm — no support

Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Exam question 2 · formal language · right ✓

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distribution of nerve cells in the octopus?

1. The majority reside within the arms — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · no support
2. They are confined to the eyes — no support
3. All reside within the central brain — no support
4. They are absent from the arms — no support

Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Exam question 3 · formal language · wrong ✗

Ascertain the function of the cuttlebone within the living cuttlefish.

1. The digestion of shellfish — no support
2. The regulation of buoyancy by gas and liquid — ✓ the right answer · no support
3. The defence against predators by stinging — no support
4. The production of ink — ← Mova's choice · score 8

Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 4 with score 8, the only option with support. Its support: lesson 39, line 14: «Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish squirt ink made of melanin to hide or to make a fake blob while they jet away; cooks use squid ink to colour pasta black.», reached through the same lesson line as the sentence the question matched. What matched: the same action «make» (+5); the same thing acted on «ink» (+3). The right option, 2, found no support in what it remembers. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Exam question 4 · formal language · right ✓

It is given that an octopus has deposited her eggs. Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning her subsequent conduct.

1. She guards them without feeding until hatching and dies soon after — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 10
2. She transfers them to the father, who carries them until hatching — score 4
3. She consumes them during winter — score 4
4. She abandons them at once — score 4

Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 1 with score 10, against 4 for the next best. Its support: lesson 39, line 20: «A mother octopus guards and cleans her eggs without eating until they hatch, and soon after she dies; one deep-sea mother guarded hers for four and a half year…», reached through the same lesson line as the sentence the question matched. What matched: the same action «hatch» (+5); the same doer «octopuses» (+5). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

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