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Test 2 · ★★★ · Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish

A crab is hiding under a rock where the octopus cannot see it. How might the octopus still find it?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: crab, octopus · What happens: hide, not see, find · To what, where: rock, crab

This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 39 «Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A crab is hiding under a rock where the octopus cannot see it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 crab	det
2	crab	crab	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hiding	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hiding	aux
4	hiding	hide	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	under	under	ADP	_	7 rock	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 rock	det
7	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hiding	obl
8	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	13 see	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 octopus	det
10	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 see	nsubj
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 see	aux
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 see	advmod
13	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 rock	acl:relcl
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 see	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 hiding	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hide	present · progressive	a crab			a rock			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under rock=Location
2	not see	can	the octopus	crab					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How might the octopus still find it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	6 find	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 find	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 octopus	det
4	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 find	nsubj
5	still	still	ADV	_	6 find	advmod
6	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 find	obj
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 find	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	might	the octopus	crab			still		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Its arm suckers taste the crab when they touch it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 suckers	nmod:poss
2	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 suckers	compound
3	suckers	sucker	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 taste	nsubj
4	taste	taste	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 crab	det
6	crab	crab	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 taste	obj
7	when	when	SCONJ	_	9 touch	mark
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 touch	nsubj
9	touch	touch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 taste	advcl
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 touch	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	taste	present	Its arm suckers	the crab					vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme crab=Attribute
2	touch	present	suckers = sucker	crab					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme

Option 2

It hears the crab's heart beating

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hears	nsubj
2	hears	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 crab	det
4	crab	crab	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 beating	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 crab	case
6	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 beating	compound
7	beating	beating	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hears	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	present	It	the crab's heart beating					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer beating=Stimulus
2	beat		the crab						nom beating «act transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

It cannot find hidden food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 find	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 find	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 find	advmod
4	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	hidden	hidden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 food	amod
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 find	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not find	can	It	hidden food					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

It smells it from a mile away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 smells	nsubj
2	smells	smell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 smells	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 mile	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 mile	det
6	mile	mile	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 smells	obl
7	away	away	ADV	_	2 smells	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smell	present	It	it				from a mile; away property	vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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