Exam question 1 · How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses,…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the sleep of dolphins.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts, dolphins · What happens: select, establish, concern, sleep · To what, where: response, sleep

This is exam question 1 of lesson 390 «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sleep	det
11	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 dolphins	case
13	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 sleep	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the sleep of dolphins		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus sleep=Experiencer
4	sleep		dolphins			nom sleep «state intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Dolphins sleep with the entire brain at the bottom of the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	nsubj
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	6 brain	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 brain	det
5	entire	entire	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 brain	amod
6	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sleep	obl
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 bottom	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 bottom	det
9	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sleep	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 sea	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 sea	det
12	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bottom	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	Dolphins			the bottom of the sea		with the entire brain	vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Dolphins sleep only upon the shore

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	nsubj
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 shore	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 shore	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 shore	det
6	shore	shore	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sleep	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	Dolphins					upon the shore	vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

One cerebral hemisphere sleeps while the other remains awake, the two alternating

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 hemisphere	nummod
2	cerebral	cerebral	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hemisphere	compound
3	hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sleeps	nsubj
4	sleeps	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	while	while	SCONJ	_	8 remains	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 remains	det
7	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 remains	amod
8	remains	remains	NOUN	Number=Ptan	4 sleeps	ccomp
9	awake	awake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 sleeps	advcl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 alternating	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 two	det
12	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 alternating	nsubj
13	alternating	alternate	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 sleeps	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	One cerebral hemisphere						vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	alternate	gerund	the two						vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

Dolphins abstain from sleep entirely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 abstain	nsubj
2	abstain	abstain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 sleep	case
4	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 abstain	obl
5	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	2 abstain	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	abstain	present	Dolphins			sleep		entirely property	vn refrain-69 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent from sleep=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/e1/