Test 11 · How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses,…

Why do some bats sleep about twenty hours a day?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: bats · What happens: do, sleep

This is test 11 of lesson 390 «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 do	advmod
2	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sleep	advcl
3	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	4 bats	det
4	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sleep	nsubj
5	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	about	about	ADV	_	7 twenty	advmod
7	twenty	twenty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 hours	nummod
8	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sleep	obl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 day	det
10	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hours	nmod:unmarked
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 sleep	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present	some bats not said here						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	sleep	present	some bats				hour		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They are always cold and stay asleep to keep warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 cold	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cold	cop
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 cold	advmod
4	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 stay	cc
6	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 cold	conj
7	asleep	asleep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 stay	xcomp
8	to	to	PART	_	9 keep	mark
9	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 stay	advcl
10	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 keep	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	They	always, cold property	tree rules
2	stay	infinitive	They not said here	asleep property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	keep	to-infinitive	They not said here	warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

They rest when there are no insects to catch

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 rest	nsubj
2	rest	rest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	when	when	SCONJ	_	5 are	mark
4	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	5 are	expl
5	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 rest	ccomp
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 insects	det
7	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 are	nsubj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 catch	mark
9	catch	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 rest	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	rest	present	They		tree rules
2	does	present	no insects	there	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	catch	to-infinitive	They not said here		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

They are afraid of the dark

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 afraid	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 afraid	cop
3	afraid	afraid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 dark	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dark	det
6	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 afraid	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					of the dark; afraid property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

They hang upside down for fun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hang	nsubj
2	hang	hang	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	upside	upside	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hang	obj
4	down	down	ADV	_	2 hang	advmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 fun	case
6	fun	fun	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hang	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hang down	present	They	upside				for fun; down property	vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upside=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/t11/