Test 8 · How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses,…

«elephants sleep loads, they're huge» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: elephants · What happens: sleep, be · To what, where: loads · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 of lesson 390 «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 sleep	punct
2	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sleep	nsubj
3	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 huge	parataxis
4	loads	load	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sleep	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 sleep	punct
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 huge	nsubj
7	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 huge	cop
8	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 huge	punct
10	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	12 right	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 right	cop
12	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 huge	parataxis
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 huge	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	sleep in a quote	present	elephants	loads		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Theme
2	is in a quote	present	elephants = elephant		huge property	tree rules
3	is	present			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They sleep all winter in caves, like bears, because they are so big

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sleep	nsubj
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 winter	det
4	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sleep	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 caves	case
6	caves	cave	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 bears	punct
8	like	like	ADP	_	9 bears	case
9	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 big	punct
11	because	because	SCONJ	_	15 big	mark
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 big	nsubj
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 big	cop
14	so	so	ADV	_	15 big	advmod
15	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sleep	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	They			caves	winter	like bears	vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in cave=Location
2	is	present	bears = bear					big property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

They sleep only in water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sleep	nsubj
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 water	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 water	case
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sleep	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	They			water			vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in water=Location

Option 3

They sleep twenty hours

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sleep	nsubj
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	twenty	twenty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 hours	nummod
4	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	They				hour		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Wild elephants were reported to sleep only about two hours a night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 elephants	amod
2	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 reported	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 reported	aux:pass
4	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 sleep	mark
6	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reported	xcomp
7	only	only	ADV	_	9 two	advmod
8	about	about	ADV	_	9 two	advmod
9	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 hours	nummod
10	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 sleep	obl:unmarked
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 night	det
12	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hours	nmod:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	report	past · passive		Wild elephants					tree rules
2	sleep	to-infinitive					hour		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/t8/