Test 9 · How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses,…

Why would a bird sleep less while flying over the sea?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: bird sleep · What happens: fly · To what, where: sea

This is test 9 of lesson 390 «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 sleep	det
4	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sleep	compound
5	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 would	nsubj
6	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 flying	advmod
7	while	while	SCONJ	_	8 flying	mark
8	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 sleep	acl
9	over	over	ADP	_	11 sea	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sea	det
11	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 flying	obl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	gerund	a bird sleep not said here			the sea		less property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over sea=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It sleeps more at sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sleeps	nsubj
2	sleeps	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 sleeps	advmod
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 sea	case
5	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sleeps	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	It			sea			vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It must keep steering and watching, with nowhere safe to land

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 keep	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 keep	aux
3	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	steering	steer	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 keep	xcomp
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 watching	cc
6	watching	watch	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 steering	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 safe	punct
8	with	with	SCONJ	_	10 safe	mark
9	nowhere	nowhere	ADV	PronType=Neg	10 safe	advmod
10	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 keep	parataxis
11	to	to	PART	_	12 land	mark
12	land	land	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 safe	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	keep	must	It	tree rules
2	steer	gerund		vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	watch	gerund		vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
4	land	to-infinitive		vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

It is never tired at sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 tired	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 tired	cop
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 tired	advmod
4	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 sea	case
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tired	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	It			sea		tired property	tree rules

Option 4

Seawater keeps it awake

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Seawater	seawater	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keeps	nsubj
2	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 keeps	obj
4	awake	awake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 keeps	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Seawater	it				awake property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/t9/