Test 4 · ★ · Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colou…
Mia reckons that sleep is just wasted time for the brain. Which finding shows she is wrong?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Mia, finding · What happens: reckon, waste, show, be · To what, where: sleep · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 391 «Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colour-changing octopuses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Mia reckons that sleep is just wasted time for the brain.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mia | Mia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 reckons | nsubj |
| 2 | reckons | reckon | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 sleep | det |
| 4 | sleep | sleep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 wasted | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 wasted | aux:pass |
| 6 | just | just | ADV | _ | 7 wasted | advmod |
| 7 | wasted | waste | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 reckons | ccomp |
| 8 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 wasted | obl:unmarked |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 brain | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 brain | det |
| 11 | brain | brain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 time | nmod |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 reckons | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reckon | present | Mia | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | waste | present · passive | that sleep | time | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Which finding shows she is wrong?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 2 finding | det |
| 2 | finding | finding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | nsubj |
| 3 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 wrong | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 wrong | cop |
| 6 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 shows | ccomp |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 shows | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | which finding | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is | present | finding | wrong property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Rats can learn their way round mazes only in the dark
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rats | rat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 learn | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 learn | aux |
| 3 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 way | nmod:poss |
| 5 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 mazes | nsubj |
| 6 | round | round | ADV | _ | 7 mazes | advmod |
| 7 | mazes | maze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 learn | ccomp |
| 8 | only | only | ADV | _ | 11 dark | advmod |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 dark | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 dark | det |
| 11 | dark | dark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 mazes | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn | can | Rats | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | maze | present | Rats's way | the dark | round property | tree rules |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Sleeping rats replayed the maze they had learned that day
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sleeping | sleep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 rats | amod |
| 2 | rats | rat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 replayed | nsubj |
| 3 | replayed | replay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 maze | det |
| 5 | maze | maze | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 replayed | obj |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 learned | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 learned | aux |
| 8 | learned | learn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 maze | acl:relcl |
| 9 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 day | det |
| 10 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 learned | obl:unmarked |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sleep | gerund | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | replay | past | Sleeping rats | the maze | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent maze=Theme | ||||
| 3 | learn | past · perfect | rats = rat | the maze not said here | day | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent maze=Topic |
Option 3
Rats forget everything they learned as soon as they sleep
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rats | rat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 forget | nsubj |
| 2 | forget | forget | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | everything | everything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 2 forget | obj |
| 4 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 learned | nsubj |
| 5 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 everything | acl:relcl |
| 6 | as | as | ADV | _ | 7 soon | advmod |
| 7 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 learned | advmod |
| 8 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 sleep | mark |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 sleep | nsubj |
| 10 | sleep | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 soon | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | forget | present | Rats | everything | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | learn | past | Rats = rat | soon property | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | sleep | present | Rats = rat | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 4
Rats only ever go to sleep when they are bored
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rats | rat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 go | nsubj |
| 2 | only | only | ADV | _ | 4 go | advmod |
| 3 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 4 go | advmod |
| 4 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 sleep | mark |
| 6 | sleep | sleep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 go | xcomp |
| 7 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 10 bored | advmod |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 bored | nsubj |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 bored | cop |
| 10 | bored | bored | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 go | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | infinitive | Rats | ever | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | sleep | to-infinitive | Rats not said here | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | present | Rats = rat | bored property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses/t4/