Test 7 · ★ · Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colou…

A sleeping octopus suddenly shows the same colours it shows when hunting. What might this mean?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: sleeping octopus, octopus, this · What happens: show, hunt, mean · To what, where: same colours

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 391 «Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colour-changing octopuses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A sleeping octopus suddenly shows the same colours it shows when hunting.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 octopus	det
2	sleeping	sleeping	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 octopus	compound
3	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shows	nsubj
4	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	_	5 shows	advmod
5	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 colours	det
7	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 colours	amod
8	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 shows	obj
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 shows	nsubj
10	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 shows	parataxis
11	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	12 hunting	advmod
12	hunting	hunt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 shows	advcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	show	present	a sleeping octopus	the same colours	suddenly property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent colour=Recipient
2	show	present	octopus			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	hunt	gerund	octopus not said here			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What might this mean?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 mean	obj
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 mean	nsubj
4	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	might	this						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1

It has definitely caught a crab in its sleep and is eating it right now in the dark

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 caught	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 caught	aux
3	definitely	definitely	ADV	_	4 caught	advmod
4	caught	catch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 crab	det
6	crab	crab	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 caught	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 sleep	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 sleep	nmod:poss
9	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 caught	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 eating	cc
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 eating	aux
12	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 caught	conj
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 eating	obj
14	right	right	ADV	_	15 now	advmod
15	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	12 eating	advmod
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 dark	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 dark	det
18	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 eating	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	catch	present · perfect · passive		It	crab's sleep		definitely property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary crab=Theme
2	eat	present · progressive		crab	the dark	now		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
3	sleep		crab					nom sleep «state intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

It is really awake and just showing off its colours

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 awake	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 awake	cop
3	really	really	ADV	_	4 awake	advmod
4	awake	awake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 showing	cc
6	just	just	ADV	_	7 showing	advmod
7	showing	show	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 awake	conj
8	off	off	ADP	_	7 showing	compound:prt
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 colours	nmod:poss
10	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 showing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					awake property	tree rules
2	show off	gerund		its colours					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent colour=Recipient

Option 3

It is very ill and needs to see a vet straight away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 ill	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 ill	cop
3	very	very	ADV	_	4 ill	advmod
4	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 needs	cc
6	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 ill	conj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 see	mark
8	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 needs	xcomp
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 vet	det
10	vet	vet	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 see	obj
11	straight	straight	ADV	_	12 away	advmod
12	away	away	ADV	_	8 see	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		ill property	tree rules
2	need	present				vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	see not said to happen	to-infinitive		a vet	away property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer vet=Stimulus

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Some scientists think it might be a bit like dreaming, but it is argued

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 scientists	det
2	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 think	nsubj
3	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 bit	nsubj
5	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 bit	aux
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 bit	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bit	det
8	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 think	ccomp
9	like	like	ADP	_	10 dreaming	case
10	dreaming	dream	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 bit	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 argued	punct
12	but	but	CCONJ	_	15 argued	cc
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 argued	nsubj:pass
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 argued	aux:pass
15	argued	argue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 think	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	think speech: other	present	some scientists		vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	might	it	a bit	tree rules
3	dream	gerund			vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent
4	argue speech: disagree	present · passive		bit	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses/t7/