Exam question 1 · Poisonous plants to stay away from: berries, foxglove, yew…

Select the response consistent with the established rule concerning the consumption of wild berries, leaves and seeds.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established rule · What happens: select, establish, concern, consume · To what, where: response, consumption, wild berries

This is exam question 1 of lesson 392 «Poisonous plants to stay away from: berries, foxglove, yew and nightshade» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 rule	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 rule	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 rule	amod
8	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 rule	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 consumption	det
11	consumption	consumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 berries	case
13	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 berries	amod
14	berries	berry	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 consumption	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 leaves	punct
16	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 berries	conj
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 seeds	cc
18	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 berries	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle			vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established rule not said here	the consumption of wild berries and leaves and seeds	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus consumption=Experiencer
4	consume			wild berries and leaves and seeds	nom consumption «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Any berry consumed by birds may be presumed safe for human beings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	2 berry	det
2	berry	berry	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 presumed	nsubj:pass
3	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 berry	acl
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 birds	case
5	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 consumed	obl:agent
6	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 presumed	aux
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 presumed	aux:pass
8	presumed	presume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 presumed	xcomp
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 beings	case
11	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 beings	amod
12	beings	being	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 presumed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	participle		any berry not said here					vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	presume	may · passive		any berry				for human beings; safe property	vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

None shall be consumed unless a competent adult with knowledge of plants has confirmed that it is safe

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	None	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	4 consumed	nsubj:pass
2	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 consumed	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 consumed	aux:pass
4	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	unless	unless	SCONJ	_	14 confirmed	mark
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 adult	det
7	competent	competent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 adult	amod
8	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 confirmed	nsubj:pass
9	with	with	ADP	_	10 knowledge	case
10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 adult	nmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 plants	case
12	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 knowledge	nmod
13	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 confirmed	aux
14	confirmed	confirm	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 consumed	advcl
15	that	that	SCONJ	_	18 safe	mark
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 safe	nsubj
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 safe	cop
18	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 confirmed	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	consume	shall · passive		None		vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset
2	confirm a condition, not said to happen	present · perfect · passive		a competent adult with knowledge of plants		vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
3	is	present	adult		safe property	tree rules

Option 3

A small quantity may be tasted in order to ascertain its safety

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 quantity	det
2	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 quantity	amod
3	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tasted	nsubj:pass
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 tasted	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 tasted	aux:pass
6	tasted	taste	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	in	in	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	10 ascertain	mark
8	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 in	fixed
9	to	to	PART	_	10 ascertain	mark
10	ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 tasted	advcl
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 safety	nmod:poss
12	safety	safety	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 ascertain	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	taste	may · passive		a small quantity					vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Attribute
2	ascertain	to-infinitive		quantity's safety					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent safety=Topic

Option 4

Berries of a red colour may be consumed without restriction, red being a reliable indication of safety

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Berries	berry	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 consumed	nsubj:pass
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 colour	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 colour	det
4	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 colour	amod
5	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Berries	nmod
6	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 consumed	aux
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 consumed	aux:pass
8	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	without	without	ADP	_	10 restriction	case
10	restriction	restriction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 consumed	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 indication	punct
12	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 indication	amod
13	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 indication	cop
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 indication	det
15	reliable	reliable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 indication	amod
16	indication	indication	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 restriction	appos
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 safety	case
18	safety	safety	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 indication	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	may · passive		Berries of a red colour				without restriction	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset
2	is a	gerund		a red reliable indication				of safety	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/392-poisonous-plants-to-stay-away-from-berries-foxglove-yew-and-nightshade/e1/