Test 11 · Poisonous plants to stay away from: berries, foxglove, yew…

Why are poisonous berries that look sweet so dangerous for toddlers?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: poisonous berries · What happens: be, look · To what, where: poisonous berries

This is test 11 of lesson 392 «Poisonous plants to stay away from: berries, foxglove, yew and nightshade» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 berries	advmod
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 berries	cop
3	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 berries	amod
4	berries	berry	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 look	nsubj
6	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 berries	acl:relcl
7	sweet	sweet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 look	xcomp
8	so	so	ADV	_	9 dangerous	advmod
9	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 look	xcomp
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 toddlers	case
11	toddlers	toddler	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 look	obl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 berries	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		poisonous berries					tree rules
2	look	present	poisonous berries					for toddlers; dangerous, sweet property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Toddlers put pretty things in their mouths and are small, so less poison harms them

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toddlers	toddler	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 put	nsubj
2	put	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	pretty	pretty	ADV	_	2 put	advmod
4	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 put	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 mouths	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 mouths	nmod:poss
7	mouths	mouth	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 put	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 small	cc
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 small	cop
10	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 put	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 harms	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	15 harms	advmod
13	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 poison	amod
14	poison	poison	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 harms	nsubj
15	harms	harm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 put	conj
16	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 harms	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	put	present	Toddlers	things	Toddlers's mouths	pretty property	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent thing=Theme in mouth=Destination
2	is	present	Toddlers not said here			small property	tree rules
3	harm	present	less poison	Toddlers = toddler			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer

Option 2

Toddlers are protected by milk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toddlers	toddler	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 protected	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 protected	aux:pass
3	protected	protect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 milk	case
5	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 protected	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	present · passive		Toddlers				by milk	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary

Option 3

Toddlers can always taste poison and spit it out

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toddlers	toddler	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 taste	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 taste	aux
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 taste	advmod
4	taste	taste	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	poison	poison	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 taste	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 spit	cc
7	spit	spit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 taste	conj
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 spit	obj
9	out	out	ADP	_	7 spit	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	taste	can	Toddlers	poison				always property	vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme poison=Attribute
2	spit out	infinitive	Toddlers not said here	poison					vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Berries are only poisonous to grown-ups and never to small children with tiny tummies

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Berries	berry	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 poisonous	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 poisonous	cop
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 poisonous	advmod
4	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	8 ups	case
6	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 ups	amod
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 grown	punct
8	ups	up	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 poisonous	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 children	cc
10	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	13 children	advmod
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 children	case
12	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 children	amod
13	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 ups	conj
14	with	with	ADP	_	16 tummies	case
15	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 tummies	amod
16	tummies	tummy	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 ups	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Berries					to grown ups with tiny tummies and small children; poisonous property	tree rules
2	grow	participle							vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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