Test 10 · Poisonous plants to stay away from: berries, foxglove, yew…

«white berries are always bad, others are fine, simple» Is this a safe rule?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: white berries, others, this · What happens: be · To what, where: safe rule · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 of lesson 392 «Poisonous plants to stay away from: berries, foxglove, yew and nightshade» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 bad	punct
2	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 berries	amod
3	berries	berry	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 bad	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 bad	cop
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 bad	advmod
6	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 rule	parataxis
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 fine	punct
8	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 fine	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 fine	cop
10	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 bad	parataxis
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 simple	punct
12	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 fine	conj
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 bad	punct
14	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 rule	cop
15	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	18 rule	nsubj
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 rule	det
17	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 rule	amod
18	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	18 rule	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	white berries		always, bad property	tree rules
2	is in a quote	present	others		fine property	tree rules
3	be in a quote		others not said here			tree rules
4	is a	present	this	a safe rule		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Yes, it is the rule doctors use

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 rule	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 rule	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rule	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rule	det
6	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	doctors	doctor	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 use	nsubj
8	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rule	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	it	the rule					tree rules
2	use	present	doctors	the rule not said here					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

No, there are poisonous berries of every colour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 are	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	4 are	expl
4	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 berries	amod
6	berries	berry	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 are	nsubj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 colour	case
8	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 colour	det
9	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 berries	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	does	present	poisonous berries of every colour			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, red and black berries are always safe to eat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	3 red	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 red	punct
3	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 berries	amod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 black	cc
5	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 red	conj
6	berries	berry	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 safe	nsubj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 safe	cop
8	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	9 safe	advmod
9	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
10	to	to	PART	_	11 eat	mark
11	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 safe	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	red berries					always, safe property	tree rules
2	eat	to-infinitive	red berries not said here						vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Yes, because only the white berries are poisonous

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	9 poisonous	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 poisonous	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 poisonous	mark
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 berries	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 berries	det
6	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 berries	amod
7	berries	berry	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 poisonous	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 poisonous	cop
9	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the white berries					poisonous property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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