Test 8 · ★★ · The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mo…

Portly «hasn't learnt to swim very well yet», and his father taught him at the ford. Which part is true of real otters?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Portly, father, part · What happens: not learn, swim, teach, be · To what, where: Portly, ford · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 403 «The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mole, the otter, the toad and the river birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Portly «hasn't learnt to swim very well yet», and his father taught him at the ford.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Portly	Portly	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 learnt	nsubj
2	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 learnt	punct
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 learnt	aux
4	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 learnt	advmod
5	learnt	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 swim	mark
7	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 learnt	xcomp
8	very	very	ADV	_	9 well	advmod
9	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 swim	advmod
10	yet	yet	ADV	_	7 swim	advmod
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 swim	punct
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 taught	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 taught	cc
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 father	nmod:poss
15	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 taught	nsubj
16	taught	teach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 learnt	parataxis
17	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 taught	obj
18	at	at	ADP	_	20 ford	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 ford	det
20	ford	ford	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 taught	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 learnt	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not learn in a quote	present · perfect	Portly					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	swim in a quote	to-infinitive	Portly not said here			yet	well property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	teach speech: other	past	Portly's father	Portly	the ford			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which part is true of real otters?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 part	det
2	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 otters	case
6	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 otters	amod
7	otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 true	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	which part					of real otters; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Otter cubs never swim at all until they are fully grown up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Otter	otter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cubs	compound
2	cubs	cub	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 swim	nsubj
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 swim	advmod
4	swim	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 swim	obl
7	until	until	SCONJ	_	11 grown	mark
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 grown	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 grown	aux:pass
10	fully	fully	ADV	_	11 grown	advmod
11	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 swim	advcl
12	up	up	ADP	_	11 grown	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not swim	present	Otter cubs			all			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at all=Trajectory
2	grow up	present · passive		cubs = cub				fully property	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

Otters are born strong swimmers and never need any lessons at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 born	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 born	aux:pass
3	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 swimmers	amod
5	swimmers	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 born	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 need	cc
7	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 need	advmod
8	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 born	conj
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 lessons	det
10	lessons	lesson	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 need	obj
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 all	case
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 need	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	present · passive		Otters					vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary swimmer=Patient
2	not need	present		any lessons		all			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot lesson=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Only the father otters teach the cubs, never the mothers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 otters	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 otters	det
3	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 otters	compound
4	otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 teach	nsubj
5	teach	teach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cubs	det
7	cubs	cub	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 teach	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 mothers	punct
9	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	11 mothers	advmod
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 mothers	det
11	mothers	mother	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 teach	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	teach speech: other	present	the father otters	the cubs				the mothers obl	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cub=Recipient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Cubs are nervous of water and are taught by their mother

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cubs	cub	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 nervous	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 nervous	cop
3	nervous	nervous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 water	case
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 nervous	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 taught	cc
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 taught	aux:pass
8	taught	teach	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 nervous	conj
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 mother	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 mother	nmod:poss
11	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 taught	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Cubs					of water; nervous property	tree rules
2	teach speech: other	present · passive	Cubs's mother						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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