Exam question 1 · Counting animals: eyes, ears, hearts, trunks, tentacles, t…

State the number of hearts possessed by an octopus and identify the function of the smaller ones.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: state, possess, identify · To what, where: number, hearts, function

This is exam question 1 of lesson 41 «Counting animals: eyes, ears, hearts, trunks, tentacles, teeth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 number	det
3	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 hearts	case
5	hearts	heart	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 number	nmod
6	possessed	possess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 hearts	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 octopus	case
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 octopus	det
9	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 possessed	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 identify	cc
11	identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 State	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 function	det
13	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 identify	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	17 ones	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 ones	det
16	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	17 ones	amod
17	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 function	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	imperative	you not said here	the number of hearts		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent number=Topic
2	possess	participle		hearts not said here	by a octopus	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot
3	identify	infinitive	you not said here	the function of the smaller ones		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Three hearts, of which the two smaller propel the blood through the gills

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 hearts	nummod
2	hearts	heart	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 propel	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 propel	punct
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 propel	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 two	det
7	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 propel	nsubj
8	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 propel	punct
9	propel	propel	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 blood	det
11	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 propel	obj
12	through	through	ADP	_	14 gills	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 gills	det
14	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 propel	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	propel	infinitive	Three hearts	the blood		the gills			tree rules

Option 2

One heart only, which serves the whole of the body and all eight arms

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 heart	nummod
2	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 serves	obl
3	only	only	ADV	_	2 heart	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 serves	punct
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 serves	nsubj
6	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 whole	det
8	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 serves	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 body	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 body	det
11	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 whole	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 arms	cc
13	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	15 arms	det
14	eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 arms	nummod
15	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 serves	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	serve	present		One heart					vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whole=Attribute

Option 3

Eight hearts, of which each one serves a single arm of the animal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 hearts	nummod
2	hearts	heart	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 serves	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 serves	punct
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 serves	obl
6	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	7 one	det
7	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 serves	nsubj
8	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 arm	det
10	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 arm	amod
11	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 serves	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 animal	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 animal	det
14	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 arm	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	serve	present	Eight hearts	a single arm of the animal					vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Attribute

Option 4

Two hearts, of which each one supplies blood to one of the two eyes

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 hearts	nummod
2	hearts	heart	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 supplies	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 supplies	punct
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 supplies	obl
6	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	7 one	det
7	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 supplies	nsubj
8	supplies	supply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 supplies	obj
10	to	to	ADP	_	11 one	case
11	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 supplies	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 eyes	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 eyes	det
14	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 eyes	nummod
15	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 one	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	supply	present	Two hearts	blood	one of the two eyes				vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent blood=Theme to one=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/41-counting-animals/e1/