Exam question 2 · Counting animals: eyes, ears, hearts, trunks, tentacles, t…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the limbs of the squid as distinct from those of the octopus?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: limbs

This is exam question 2 of lesson 41 «Counting animals: eyes, ears, hearts, trunks, tentacles, teeth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 limbs	det
10	limbs	limb	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 squid	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 squid	det
13	squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 limbs	nmod
14	as	as	ADP	_	15 distinct	case
15	distinct	distinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 characterises	obl
16	from	from	ADP	_	17 those	case
17	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	15 distinct	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 octopus	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 octopus	det
20	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 those	nmod
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the limbs of the squid				of the following statements; as distinct; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The squid possesses six arms and two fins, whereas the octopus possesses eight arms

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 squid	det
2	squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 arms	nummod
5	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possesses	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 fins	cc
7	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 fins	nummod
8	fins	fin	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 arms	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 possesses	punct
10	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	13 possesses	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 octopus	det
12	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 possesses	nsubj
13	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possesses	conj
14	eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 arms	nummod
15	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 possesses	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the squid	six arms and two fins					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot arm=Theme
2	possess	present	the octopus	eight arms					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot arm=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The octopus possesses two tentacles and eight arms, whereas the squid possesses none

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 octopus	det
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 tentacles	nummod
5	tentacles	tentacle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possesses	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 arms	cc
7	eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 arms	nummod
8	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 tentacles	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 possesses	punct
10	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	13 possesses	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 squid	det
12	squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 possesses	nsubj
13	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possesses	conj
14	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	13 possesses	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the octopus	two tentacles and eight arms					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot tentacle=Theme
2	possess	present	the squid	none					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot none=Theme

Option 3

Both animals possess eight tentacles and no arms, being indistinguishable thereby

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 animals	det
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possess	nsubj
3	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 tentacles	nummod
5	tentacles	tentacle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possess	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 arms	cc
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 arms	det
8	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 tentacles	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 indistinguishable	punct
10	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 indistinguishable	cop
11	indistinguishable	indistinguishable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 possess	conj
12	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	11 indistinguishable	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	both animals	eight tentacles and no arms					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot tentacle=Theme
2	is	gerund	both animals not said here					indistinguishable, thereby property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The squid possesses eight arms and two tentacles; the octopus, eight arms and none

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 squid	det
2	squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 arms	nummod
5	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possesses	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 tentacles	cc
7	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 tentacles	nummod
8	tentacles	tentacle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 arms	conj
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 octopus	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 octopus	det
11	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	parataxis
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 arms	punct
13	eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 arms	nummod
14	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 octopus	conj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 none	cc
16	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	11 octopus	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the squid	eight arms and two tentacles					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot arm=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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