Test 9 · ★ · The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp

Why could an axolotl be a help to doctors one day?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: axolotl · What happens: be · To what, where: help

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 44 «The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 help	advmod
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 help	aux
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 axolotl	det
4	axolotl	axolotl	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 help	nsubj
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 help	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 help	det
7	help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 doctors	case
9	doctors	doctor	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 help	nmod
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 day	nummod
11	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 doctors	nmod:unmarked
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	could	a axolotl	a help				to doctors one day	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It can replace lost fingers by itself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 replace	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 replace	aux
3	replace	replace	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 fingers	amod
5	fingers	finger	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 replace	obj
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 itself	case
7	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 replace	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replace	can	It	lost fingers				by itself = it	vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme finger=Co-Theme
2	lose	participle							vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Studying how it regrows legs may help people heal better

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Studying	study	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 help	csubj
2	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 regrows	advmod
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 regrows	nsubj
4	regrows	regrow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Studying	advcl
5	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 regrows	obj
6	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 help	aux
7	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 help	obj
9	heal	heal	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 help	xcomp
10	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	9 heal	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	study	gerund				vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	regrow	present	it	legs		tree rules
3	help	may	Studying	people		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary clause=Theme
4	heal	infinitive	people not said here		well property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Its gills can be used for breathing machines

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 gills	nmod:poss
2	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 used	nsubj:pass
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 used	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 used	aux:pass
5	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 machines	case
7	breathing	breathing	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 machines	compound
8	machines	machine	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	can · passive		Its gills				for breathing machines	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for machine=Eventuality

Option 4

Its smile makes sick patients happy and helps them get well faster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 smile	nmod:poss
2	smile	smile	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	sick	sick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 patients	amod
5	patients	patient	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 makes	obj
6	happy	happy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 makes	xcomp
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 helps	cc
8	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 makes	conj
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 helps	obj
10	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 helps	xcomp
11	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 get	advmod
12	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 get	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	make	present	Its smile	sick patients	happy property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset patient=Product
2	help	present	Its smile not said here	patients = patient		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme
3	get	infinitive	patients = patient not said here		fast, well property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
4	smile		Its = it			nom smile «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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