Test 10 · ★ · The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp

Why do claws help a tiny water bear more than speed?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: claws, tiny water · What happens: help, bear · To what, where: more

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 44 «The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 help	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 help	aux
3	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 help	nsubj
4	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 water	det
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 water	amod
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bear	nsubj
8	bear	bear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 help	parataxis
9	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 bear	obj
10	than	than	ADP	_	11 speed	case
11	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 more	obl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present · do-support	claws						vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
2	bear	present	a tiny water	more					vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They let it dig right down to the centre of the Earth to hide

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 let	nsubj
2	let	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 let	obj
4	dig	dig	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 let	xcomp
5	right	right	ADV	_	6 down	advmod
6	down	down	ADV	_	4 dig	advmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 centre	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 centre	det
9	centre	centre	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dig	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 Earth	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Earth	det
12	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 centre	nmod
13	to	to	PART	_	14 hide	mark
14	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 dig	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	let	past	They	it		tree rules
2	dig	infinitive			to the centre of the Earth; down property	vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	hide	to-infinitive				vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They help it fight off whales

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 help	nsubj
2	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 help	obj
4	fight	fight	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 help	xcomp
5	off	off	ADP	_	4 fight	compound:prt
6	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fight	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	They	it					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme
2	fight off	infinitive		whales					vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whale=Co-Agent

Option 3

They let it run faster than ants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 let	nsubj
2	let	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 let	obj
4	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 let	xcomp
5	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 run	advmod
6	than	than	ADP	_	7 ants	case
7	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 run	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	past	They	it					tree rules
2	run	infinitive						than ants; fast property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They grip moss and soil grains so it is not washed away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 grip	nsubj
2	grip	grip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	moss	moss	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grip	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 grains	cc
5	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 grains	compound
6	grains	grain	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 moss	conj
7	so	so	ADV	_	11 washed	advmod
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 washed	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 washed	aux:pass
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 washed	advmod
11	washed	wash	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 grip	advcl
12	away	away	ADV	_	11 washed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grip	present	They	moss and soil grains					vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moss=Experiencer
2	not wash away	present · passive		it				away property	vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/44-axolotl-tardigrade-mantis-shrimp/t10/