Test 11 · ★ · The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp

Why does a spring-and-catch hit harder than just pushing with a muscle?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: spring · What happens: do, hit, push

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 44 «The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	conj
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 hit	det
4	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hit	nsubj
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 hit	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 hit	cc
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 and	punct
8	catch	catch	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hit	compound
9	hit	hit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 does	obj
10	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 hit	amod
11	than	than	SCONJ	_	13 pushing	mark
12	just	just	ADV	_	13 pushing	advmod
13	pushing	push	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 harder	advcl
14	with	with	ADP	_	16 muscle	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 muscle	det
16	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 pushing	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	do	present			vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	hit		spring		tree rules
3	push	gerund	spring not said here	with a muscle	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Energy is stored slowly and then let go all at once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stored	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 stored	aux:pass
3	stored	store	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	3 stored	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 let	cc
6	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 let	advmod
7	let	let	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 stored	conj
8	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 let	xcomp
9	all	all	ADV	_	11 once	advmod
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 once	case
11	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	8 go	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	store	present · passive	Energy		slowly property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	let	infinitive		then		tree rules
3	go	infinitive			once property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The catch adds a lot of extra energy from nowhere at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 catch	det
2	catch	catch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 adds	nsubj
3	adds	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 lot	det
5	lot	lot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 adds	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 energy	case
7	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 energy	amod
8	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lot	nmod
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 nowhere	case
10	nowhere	nowhere	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 adds	obl
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 all	case
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 adds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	present	the catch	a lot of extra energy		all			vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient

Option 3

It does not, pushing with plain muscle is always much stronger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 does	nsubj
2	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	2 does	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 pushing	punct
5	pushing	push	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 stronger	csubj
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 muscle	case
7	plain	plain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 muscle	amod
8	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pushing	obl
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 stronger	cop
10	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	11 much	advmod
11	much	much	ADV	_	12 stronger	advmod
12	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 does	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	not do	present	It		vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	push	gerund		with plain muscle	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	pushing	strong property	tree rules

Option 4

Springs are made of a much stronger kind of muscle tissue

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Springs	spring	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 made	aux:pass
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	8 kind	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 kind	det
6	much	much	ADV	_	7 stronger	advmod
7	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 kind	amod
8	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 tissue	case
10	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 tissue	compound
11	tissue	tissue	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 kind	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Springs				of a stronger kind of muscle tissue	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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